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: Spray Pyrolysis Technique (SPT) was used to deposit thin films (TFs) of cadmium stannate, doped with iron (Fe) for the first time. The precursor solutions that were used wereprepared at a concentration of 0.1M, doped with Feand then sprayed onto the pre-heated glass slides immediately at deposition temperatures of 350 ± 7°C, 400 ± 7°C and 450 ± 7°C. The optical properties of the deposited Fe-doped TFs were studied in the wavelength range of 300-1100nm. The X-Ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed that the TFs were orthorhombic with growth orientation along the (2 0 0) direction. Film thickness of 85 ± 10 nm was obtained. It was found out that anincrease in the deposition temperature increased transmittance and band gap, but decreased absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient and refractive index, which was attributed to the improvement in crystallinity of the deposited TFs. Doping reduced transmittance and band gap, but increased refractive index, absorption coefficient and extinction coefficient, which was attributed to the increase in free carriers. KEYWORDS:cadmium stannate, deposition temperature, iron-doped, optical properties of cadmium stannate
(Elsevier, 2020)The elastic properties of the orthorhombic cadmium stannate (Cd2SnO4) were investigated using density functional theory, applying both energy-strain relationship (which is found in the literature) and stress-strain ... -
Sputum Smear Conversion Time of HIV Infected and Uninfected Patients with Rifampicin and Isoniazid Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene Mutations in Western Kenya
(2012)Mono-resistant and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has been enhanced by delays in the identification of resistant strains. However, resistance gene patterns and the extent of monoresistant TB and MDR-TB in ... -
Stability Investigation in the Optical Properties of Thermally Evaporated Ge5Se95-x Znx Thin Films
(University of Nairobi, Kenya, 2015)Selenium-based chalcogenides are useful in telecommunication devices like infrared optics and threshold switching devices. The investigated system of Ge5Se95-xZnx (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 4 at.%) has been prepared from high purity ... -
Stability of Lie Groups of Nonlinear Hyperbolic Equations
(University of Pretoria, 1997)Nonlinear theories, started in the 1960's, provided for the first time in the literature global generalized solutions for arbitrary continuous nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). These theories have now been ... -
Stabilization of RDT target antigens present in dried Plasmodium falciparum-infected samples for validating malaria rapid diagnostic tests at the point of care
(BioMed Central, 2018)Background: Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are a great achievement in implementation of parasite based diagnosis as recommended by World Health Organization. A major drawback of RDTs is lack of positive controls ... -
Staff attrition among community health workers in home-based care programmes for people living with HIV and AIDS in western Kenya
(Health Policy, 2010)Objectives This paper examines trends and underlying causes of attrition among volunteer community health workers in home-based care for people living with HIV and AIDS in western Kenya. Methods Ethnographic data were ... -
Stakeholders Level of Preparedness On Use of Alternative Assistive Technology Among Learners with Visual Impairment in Inclusiveprimary Schools in Turkana County, Kenya
(Maseno University, 2019)Braille has been used as the main assistive technology by Learners with Visual Impairment (LVI) for the last 200 years. However, the use of this technology has limited opportunities for learners to access the curriculum ... -
Stakeholders Perceptions on Influence of Remedial Tuition and Provision of Quality Education in Public Primary Schools in Kisumu City, Kenya
(Maseno University, 2016)Studies worldwide have revealed that remedial tuition is perceived by stakeholders to influence quality education in primary schools. Remedial tuition is teaching and learning processes organized outside normal class ... -
Stakeholders' perceptions regarding Headteachers' Contribution to internal quality assurance in public Primary schools in Emuhaya sub - county, Kenya
(Maseno University, 2014)Learners' academic achievement is a measure of education quality and calls for effective curriculum implementation through internal quality assurance. Emuhaya Sub-County has registered stagnating performance in KCPE with ... -
Stakeholders’ perceptions of agronomic iodine biofortification: a SWOT-AHP analysis in northern Uganda
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2018-04)Agronomic biofortification (i.e., the application of fertilizer to elevate micronutrient concentrations in staple crops) is a recent strategy recommended for controlling Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDDs). However, its ... -
Stakeholder’s Perceptions on Co-Curricular Activities Effectiveness and Challenges in Enhancing Student Discipline in Public Secondary Schools in Awendo-Rongo-Uriri Sub-Counties, Kenya
(Maseno University, 2017)Management of student discipline remains a major challenge in schools worldwide. In Awendo, Uriri and Rongo Sub-counties, despite the existence of co-curricular activities and their emphasis for use alongside guidance and ... -
State of aquaculture in Kenya 2021 report
(Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, 2021)The report deliberated on the steps being taken to boost and increase aquaculture production in the country. -
STATE OF CAGE CULTURE IN LAKE VICTORIA, KENYA
(KENYA MARINE AND FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE, 2018)Fishery development is one of the key global development goals embodied in agenda 2030 under the fourteenth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), in which countries seek to support the restoration of fish stocks to improve ... -
State-Vs. Community-Led Land Tenure Regularization in Tanzania
(Lap Lambert Academic Publ, 2012)The importance of security and certainty of land tenure among the urban poor cannot be overemphasised. A key justification for it is that tenure security provides incentives for investment in land and hence an impetus for ... -
Static Optimisation and Welfare Measurement Model: Lagrangean Approach
(Maseno University, 2002)Mathematical models are important as a means of predictions. This thesis set out to develop a welfare measurement model. Welfare is concerned with evaluation of alternative economic situations from the point of view of ... -
Statistical approach to prediction of financial distress Of listed firms in the Nairobi Securties exchange
(Maseno University, 2017)This research project examined the phenomenon of bankruptcy prediction from a developing economy perspective using the Altman Z-score models. These models rank among the bankruptcy models, whose main purpose is to detect ... -
Statistical Modeling of a Benevolent Scheme
(Maseno University, 2003)The area of study is on a Benevolent Scheme. Herethe insured contributes premiums to the insuring company and is compensated in the event of death of self or his or her dependant(s). The problem normally experienced by ... -
The Statistical Modeling of Retail Business Processes in Nyakach District
(Maseno University, 2013)Multivariate statistical analysis of retail business processes was done in this study. Multiple predictor variables were included in the regression model. Meta-analysis of the correlations were also used to explore ... -
Statistical trend analysis of residential water demand in Kisumu City, Kenya
(Science Publishing Group, 2015-04-16)This study sought to analyse trend in the monthly water demand data series in Kisumu city at both seasonal and non-seasonal levels using the parametric method of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and non-parametric methods of ...