Efficacy of the PermaNet Dual compared to the Interceptor G2 and the PermaNet 3.0 in experimental huts in Siaya County, western Kenya.

Abstract

Pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr nets have shown significant epidemiological impact over pyrethroid-only and pyrethroid plus piperonal-butoxide (PBO) in Africa. Here we describe a non-inferiority evaluation of PermaNet Dual, a new chlorfenapyr plus deltamethrin net, compared to Interceptor G2, in experimental huts in Siaya, Kenya against free-flying pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles funestus. Mosquitoes were assessed for blood feeding and then monitored for immediate knockdown 1-hour post collection and delayed mortality after 72 hours. Mortality at 72 hours was 37% for the control net, 56% for PermaNet 3.0, 66% for the Interceptor G2 and 68% for the PermaNet Dual. Blood feeding inhibition was highest with PermaNet 3.0 at 49%, and least with PermaNet Dual at 12%. PermaNet Dual and Interceptor G2 had no significant differences in mortality (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.00–1.20) or blood feeding inhibition (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.04–1.33) and the lower confidence bounds were within the non-inferiority margins. PermaNet Dual was non-inferior to the Interceptor G2 and superior to the PermaNet 3.0 nets in causing mortality but inferior to PermaNet 3.0 in blood feeding inhibition of the vectors. PermaNet Dual met the WHO criteria for non-inferiority to Interceptor G2 and may be considered for deployment for public health use against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles vectors of malaria.