Differences in Demographic Characteristics in the Morphology of Brachial Plexus among Black African Population: A Cadaveric Study in Western Kenya.

Abstract

The anterior principal rami of C5 to C8 and T1 are joined to form brachial plexus (Bp), a network of nerves that wraps around neck and axilla of the body. Trauma, radiation, neoplasms, infections, and autoimmune diseases can all have an impact on Bp. The technical expertise required for clinical and surgical procedures is described in existing publications. Beginners still find it particularly difficult to use its many elements while navigating. The objective was to identify the differences in the demographic characteristics (male and female) of Bp among the population. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried at Maseno, Masinde Muliro, and Uzima Universities' anatomical laboratory departments. Total of 70 (35 males and 35 females) cadavers sample size was used from 86 cadavers using Yamane Taro formula. Ethical consideration was observed. Data analysis was done using SPSS vs26. X2 test was used. Significance was set at a P–value = 0.05. Study comprised of 140 Bp (left and right sides). In the study population, Bp varied by gender, with median nerve accounting for a larger proportion. There was a statistically significant difference (p=0.008) in the variation of median nerve distribution in relation to the sexes. Variations noted were significant in the formation of roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and terminal branches. Coexistence of these differences is essential for it enables surgeons and anesthesiologists avoid purposeful damage to Bp nerves. Understanding these variances is crucial when evaluating sensory and motor loss that has been explained following surgery or trauma to upper limb.