Evaluation of Durable Lining for Control of Malaria Vectors in Rural African Houses in Budalangi, Western Kenya

Abstract

Malaria is one of the most serious and prevalent vector-borne parasitic diseases, affecting millions of people worldwide. Despite the control efforts being undertaken, the global burden of malaria remains enormous. Insecticide-treated nets (lTNs) have been widely promoted by World Health Organization as the main means for controlling malaria. However, achieving high net coverage and adherence to net use might.h..eBifRcJJlt to attain. "TItus>there isneed to develop additional tools for controlling malaria to supplement the use of ITNs. Thus, this study investigated the efficacy of insecticide-treated durable lining (DL) for control of malaria vectors in Budalangi, western Kenya. This area is a flood-prone zone, located at the shores of Lake Victoria, with no much information on efficacy of DL and transmission of malaria amongst children aged6moutns - lS'years. Atotal of 10vi'H'ageswere" seteetedonthe basis of previous '.'."" '-. oN.'.'. _ similar study on unknown vector density. Five villages were used as non-intervention while the remaining 5 villages were "used as intervention villages. Additionally, some two villages were selected for indoor residual spraying, for comparison purposes. Indoor resting female adult malaria vectors were collected using pyrethrum spray collection. Members of the An. gambiae complex were identifietf :'by j?JoJi'l'1Iemsecflain-:reat,-tfo'lif;t>PCR}B'1'oou samples· were collected fromchildren 6 months -15 years old since they are more vulnerable to the disease using, fingerprick method and parasite checked by microscopy. Anemia was monitored using batterypowered Hemocue machine. Circum-sporozoite protein in mosquitoes was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. There was highly significant reduction in indoor resting .defig,itiesh.et\Mt,"eI1-int~11:,'Tlti!mr.mcl'T1J)-n::-.i>nter\\:entIDnf0r An gambiae (85%; ]-><0.0001)and An. jimestus (60%; ]-><D.0001). 'Sporozoite rate for An. funestus was significantly higher in non-intervention villages (4.58%;, P<O.008) while for An.gamb iae, there was no significant change. Overall, parasite prevalence did not differ in the intervention, nonintervention and IRS (P=O.549). Parasite density varied in the intervention, non-intervention and Indoor residualspr>&.yi<l1tg (IR.s-){F<.f}OQ{)JJs1-m}1a>,fJ:o;;~ia{P<fHJQ(}1)_ DL retained more insecticide and recorded' hig'her rncrtaiity (>'8'0'%), compared' to '1'iZS which recorded < 64 % reduction in mortality (P<O.03) for a period of 10 months. The present study has demonstrated that DL is effective in reducing malaria vector density and providing protective efficacy to the children,thus it can be used to complement the existing malaria control tools.