Factors Underlying Stigmatization of Epilepsy: Case Study of Abasuba and Ameru Communities, Kenya

Abstract

Aims: To determine factors underlying stigmatization of People with Epilepsy (PWE) among Abasuba and Ameru communities, Kenya. Study Design: Cross sectional design was used in this study. Place of the Study: The study was carried out in Abothuguchi, Miriegameru and Nkuene divisions in Meru Central Sub-counrty and Central, Gwasi and Mbita divisions of Suba Sub-county in Kenya. Methodology: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A modified participatory rapid appraisal technique was used which involved the use of questionnaires, interview schedules and focused group discussions. Household heads, medical personnel, members of community-based organizations, patients, parents, administrators, teachers, faith healers and herbalists were interviewed. Results: The study results reveal a significant statistical relationship between negative attitude and fear epilepsy (2 = 43.69354, df=1, p<0.05). The fear of epilepsy is dependent on knowledge about it (2 = 7.41663, df=1, p=0.00646). Occupation was not found to influence fear except among the Meru Central District female respondents (2 = 6.19763, df=2, p=0.04510). However, there was no significant relationship between fear of epilepsy and the level of education (2 = 0.15773, df=2, p=0.092436). The belief that epilepsy results from a curse or witchcraft is transferable and contagious was deeply entrenched in the culture of the two communities and that the society views them with resentment resulting into isolation and social stigma. Conclusion: The pattern of traditional belief systems about epilepsy is similar in the community and it is considered a contagious disease highly associated with witchcraft. Stigma and discrimination of PWE is aptly evident in both study areas cultural beliefs notwithstanding. This has the effect of shaping the expression of stigma and social isolation of PWE. Lack of information is responsible for people’s fear of epilepsy and perception is a driver of negative attitude towards people with epilepsy in the community. The study recommends the provision of effective treatment and a comprehensive community sensitization program with target specific IEC materials to counter the negative beliefs.