Browsing Internal Medicine by Issue Date
Now showing items 1-20 of 57
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Antifolate Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum: Multiple Origins and Identification of Novel dhfr Alleles
(The University of Chicago Press, 2006)BackgroundSulfadoxine-pyrimethamine has been widely used as first-line therapy for uncomplicated malaria throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Recent studies conducted in Asia and Africa suggest the triple-mutant dhfr genotype ... -
A randomized controlled trial of folate supplementation when treating malaria in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine
(Public Library of Science, 2006)Objectives: Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is an antimalarial drug that acts on the folate metabolism of the malaria parasite. We investigated whether folate (FA) supplementation in a high or a low dose affects the ... -
Malaria and anaemia among pregnant women at first antenatal clinic visit in Kisumu, western Kenya
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007)objective To determine the prevalence of malaria and anaemia among urban and peri-urban women attending their first antenatal clinic (ANC) in an area of perennial malaria transmission. methods Between November 2003 and ... -
The effect of health care worker training on the use of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in pregnancy in rural western Kenya
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007)background In 1998, Kenya adopted intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) with sulphadoxinepyrimethamine (SP) for malaria prevention during pregnancy. We conducted a survey in 2002 among women who had recently delivered ... -
Does cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV-associated opportunistic infections select for resistant pathogens in Kenyan adults?
(The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2008)We assessed the effect of daily cotrimoxazole, essential for HIV care, on development of antifolateresistant Plasmodium falciparum, naso-pharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), and commensal Escherichia coli. ... -
Dihydrofolate reductase I164L mutations in Plasmodium falciparum isolates: clinical outcome of 14 Kenyan adults infected with parasites harbouring the I164L …
(Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2008)Recently, Plasmodium falciparum bearing dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) I164L was isolated from Africa. Quadruple mutations containing I164L confer high-level resistance to antifolate antimalarials. We prospectively measured ... -
Anna M van Eijk, Peter O Ouma, John Williamson, Feiko O Ter Kuile, Monica Parise, Kephas Otieno, Mary J Hamel, John G Ayisi, Simon Kariuki, Piet A Kager, Laurence Slutsker
(The University of Chicago Press, 2008)Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) inhibits folate metabolism by the malaria parasite.We investigated the association between folate levels and SP failure in pregnant women. Data from a trial to assess the effect that folate ... -
Effect of malaria rapid diagnostic tests on the management of uncomplicated malaria with artemether-lumefantrine in Kenya: a cluster randomized trial
(The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2009)Shortly after Kenya introduced artemether-lumefantrine (AL) for first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria, we conducted a pre-post cluster randomized controlled trial to assess the effect of providing malaria rapid ... -
Performance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests as part of routine malaria case management in Kenya
(The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2009)Data on malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) performance under routine program conditions are limited. We assessed the attributes of RDTs performed by study and health facility (HF) staffs as part of routine malaria case ... -
Antenatal and delivery care in rural western Kenya: the effect of training health care workers to provide" focused antenatal care"
(BioMed Central, 2010)Background Maternal mortality remains high in developing countries and data to monitor indicators of progress in maternal care is needed. We examined the status of maternal care before and after health care worker (HCW) ... -
Haemostatic disorders in patients with breast cancer at Kenyatta national hospital, Kenya
(University of Nairobi, 2010)Haemostatic disorders (thrombosis and haemorrhage) are increasingly being investigated and assessed as factors that influence outcome of treatment of solid tumors including breast cancer. There is little data available ... -
An analysis of pregnancy-related mortality in the KEMRI/CDC health and demographic surveillance system in western Kenya
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Background: Pregnancy-related (PR) deaths are often a result of direct obstetric complications occurring at childbirth. Methods and Findings: To estimate the burden of and characterize risk factors for PR mortality, we ... -
Effectiveness of antenatal clinics to deliver intermittent preventive treatment and insecticide treated nets for the control of malaria in pregnancy in Kenya
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Background: Malaria in pregnancy can have devastating consequences for mother and baby. Coverage with the WHO prevention strategy for sub-Saharan Africa of intermittent-preventive-treatment (IPTp) with two doses of ... -
Effectiveness of Antenatal Clinics to Deliver Intermittent Preventive Treatment and Insecticide
(2013)Background: Malaria in pregnancy can have devastating consequences for mother and baby. Coverage with the WHO prevention strategy for sub-Saharan Africa of intermittent-preventive-treatment (IPTp) with two doses of ... -
Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy with mefloquine in HIV-infected women receiving cotrimoxazole prophylaxis: a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Background: Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is recommended for malaria prevention in HIV-negative pregnant women, but it is contraindicated in HIV-infected women ... -
Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy with Mefloquine in HIV
(2014)Background: Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is recommended for malaria prevention in HIV-negative pregnant women, but it is contraindicated in HIV-infected women ... -
Intermittent screening and treatment or intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine versus intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine …
(Elsevier, 2015)Background Every year, more than 32 million pregnancies in sub-Saharan Africa are at risk of malaria infection and its adverse consequences. The effectiveness of the intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine–py ... -
Barriers and facilitators to antenatal and delivery care in western Kenya: a qualitative study
(BioMed Central, 2015)Background In western Kenya, maternal mortality is a major public health problem estimated at 730/100,000 live births, higher than the Kenyan national average of 488/100,000 women. Many women do not attend antenatal care ... -
Stephanie Dellicour, Meghna Desai, George Aol, Martina Oneko, Peter Ouma, Godfrey Bigogo, Deron C Burton, Robert F Breiman, Mary J Hamel, Laurence Slutsker, Daniel Feikin, Simon Kariuki, Frank Odhiambo, Jayesh Pandit, Kayla F Laserson, Greg Calip, Andy Stergachis, Feiko O Ter Kuile
(BioMed Central, 2015)Background The artemisinin anti-malarials are widely deployed as artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). However, they are not recommended for uncomplicated malaria during the first trimester because safety data from ... -
Influence of changing day secondary into boarding on students’ participation in public secondary schools in Trans Nzoia West, Kenya
(University of Nairobi, 2015)Changing day secondary into boarding schools is an emerging trend in education sector in Kenya. This trend however tends to affect students’ participation in education. This study was conducted in schools that changed from ...