School of Medicine: Recent submissions
Now showing items 361-380 of 553
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Host-mediated selection impacts the diversity of Plasmodium falciparum antigens within infections
(Nature Publishing Group, 2018)Host immunity exerts strong selective pressure on pathogens. Population-level genetic analysis can identify signatures of this selection, but these signatures reflect the net selective effect of all hosts and vectors in a ... -
A Spatiotemporal Analysis of HIV-Associated Mortality in Rural Western Kenya 2011–2015
(2018)Background: Reliable data on the HIV epidemic is critical for the measurement of the impact of HIV response and for the implementation of further interventions. Methods: We used mortality data from the Kombewa health ... -
A comparison of all-cause and cause-specific mortality by household socioeconomic status across seven INDEPTH network health and demographic surveillance systems in sub-Saharan Africa
(Taylor & FrancisTaylor & Francis, 2019)ABSTRACT Background: Understanding socioeconomic disparities in all-cause and cause-specific mortality can help inform prevention and treatment strategies. Objectives: To quantify cause-specific mortality rates by ... -
A neonatal nutrition network for sub-Saharan Africa
(www.infantjournal.co.uk/writing.html, 2020) -
Molecular identity of mycobacteria isolates in new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Kisumu County, Western Kenya
(tuberculosis, 2017)Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most challenging diseases to control in the world today and it has become a major global health problem especially in immunocompromised people such as HIV/AIDS. The problem ... -
Safety profile of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine in infants and children: additional data from a phase III randomized controlled trial in sub-Saharan Africa
(Taylor & Francis, 2019)A phase III, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial (NCT00866619) in sub-Saharan Africa showed RTS,S/AS01 vaccine efficacy against malaria. We now present in-depth safety results from this study. 8922 children (enrolled ... -
Safety and immunogenicity of the RTS, S/AS01 malaria vaccine in infants and children identified as HIV-infected during a randomized trial in sub-Saharan Africa
(Vaccine, 2020)We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine in a subset of children identified as HIV-infected during a large phase III randomized controlled trial conducted in seven sub-Saharan African ... -
Association between Haematological parameters and Sickle cell genotypes in children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria residents in Kisumu County in Western Kenya
(Research Squire, 2020)ackground: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic disorder due to point mutation in the β-globin gene resulting in substitution of Valine for Glutamic acid. The SCD is prevalent in P. falciparum endemic regions such as ... -
Estimating Annual Fluctuations in Malaria Transmission Intensity and in the Use of Malaria Control Interventions in Five Sub-Saharan African Countries
(The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2020)RTS,S/AS01E malaria vaccine safety, effectiveness, and impact will be assessed in pre- and post-vaccine introduction studies, comparing the occurrence of malaria cases and adverse events in vaccinated versus unvaccinate ... -
Malignant obstructive jaundice: Factors predictive of non Resectability at kenyatta National Hospital
(University of Nairobi, 2010)Malignant obstructive jaundice is a rising cause of mortality and morbidity in surgical patients worldwide. Most patients at time of presentation have advanced disease. Surgery remains the only curative mode of treatment ... -
Sigmoid volvulus in pregnancy
(The Surgical Society of Kenya, 2010)Sigmoid volvulus in pregnancy is a rare condition that poses a myriad of challenges in diagnosis and management of the patient. It demands on the clinician a high index of suspicion, immediate treatment involving resuscitation ... -
Utility of CT scan and CA 19-9 in Predicting Non Resectability in Malignant Obstructive Jaundice . Feb 2014. :1. 22-27.
(2014-02)Background: Most patients with malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ) present with non-resectable disease. Non curative laparotomy has been associated with adverse outcome. There is need to predict non-resectable disease and ... -
The ASOS Surgical Risk Calculator: development and validation of a tool for identifying African surgical patients at risk of severe postoperative complications
(Elsevier, 2018-12-01)Background The African Surgical Outcomes Study (ASOS) showed that surgical patients in Africa have a mortality twice the global average. Existing risk assessment tools are not valid for use in this population because the ... -
Maternal and neonatal outcomes after caesarean delivery in the African Surgical Outcomes Study: a 7-day prospective observational cohort study
(Elsevier, 2019-04-01)Background Maternal and neonatal mortality is high in Africa, but few large, prospective studies have been done to investigate the risk factors associated with these poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods A 7-day, ... -
Adult Wilms Tumour in pregnancy
(AJOL, 2020)Wilms’ tumor (nephroblastoma) is the most common primary renal malignancy in children, with a peak presentation in the ages 3-4 years. Wilms’ tumor is extremely rare in adults with around 300 cases described in literature. ... -
An analysis of pregnancy-related mortality in the KEMRI/CDC health and demographic surveillance system in western Kenya
(Public Library of Science, 2013-07-16)Background Pregnancy-related (PR) deaths are often a result of direct obstetric complications occurring at childbirth. Methods and Findings To estimate the burden of and characterize risk factors for PR mortality, we ... -
Adolescent schoolgirls' experiences of menstrual cups and pads in rural western Kenya: a qualitative study
(Practical Action Publishing, 2015-01-01)Poor menstrual hygiene management (MHM) among schoolgirls in low-income countries affects girls' dignity, self-esteem, and schooling. Hygienic, effective, and sustainable menstrual products are required. A randomized ... -
Menstrual cups and sanitary pads to reduce school attrition, and sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections: a cluster randomised controlled feasibility study in …
(British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2016-11-01)Objectives Conduct a feasibility study on the effect of menstrual hygiene on schoolgirls9 school and health (reproductive/sexual) outcomes. Design 3-arm single-site open cluster randomised controlled pilot study. Setting 30 ... -
Examining the safety of menstrual cups among rural primary school girls in western Kenya: observational studies nested in a randomised controlled feasibility study
(British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2017-04-01)Objective Examine the safety of menstrual cups against sanitary pads and usual practice in Kenyan schoolgirls. Design Observational studies nested in a cluster randomised controlled feasibility study. Setting 30 primary ... -
Lay health worker experiences administering a multi-level combination intervention to improve PMTCT retention
(BioMed Central, 2018-12)The recent scale-up of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services has rapidly accelerated antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake among pregnant and postpartum women in sub-Saharan Africa. The Mother ...