| dc.description.abstract | This study assessed the impact of the 10 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on
pneumonia prevention by determining annual trends of pneumonia, recurrent pneumonia
levels as well as establishing the association of other factors, PCV-lO a.nd pneumonia.
Using retrospective unmatched case control study design, the study enrolled a total of
190 participants with 130 in the first stratum (0-2~ years old) and 60 from the second
stratum (Above 2~ years old). The total number' of cases was 49 and non cases were 141.
The first stratum had 37 case patients (28.46%) and 9:3 (71.54%) control patients. Male
gender was represented by a total of 119 patients with 27 case patients (22.69%) and 92
(77.31%) controls. The conduct of this study was necessitated by there being no other
impact studies since peV-IO introduction as well as challenges of serotype replacement
witnessed with previous PCVs that is likely to affect the effeetiveness of peV-IO. In
addition, pneumonia causation is diverse hence its occurrence cannot be stopped by use
of only peV-IO which is effective against 10 of the over 90 serotypes of pneumococcus.
Furthermore: the findings of the KEMRl study in Kilifi showed that the nasopharyngeal
carriage of common serotypes declined with age while the carriage for uncommon serot.ypes
did not decline. peV-I0 is effective against ten common serotypes thus increasing the
chances of the uncommon serotypes ca.using pneumococcal disease. Data was obtained
using interviewer-administered questionnaires: The study findings were that 81.6% of the
children had received PCV-lO out of whom 78.1% had received 3 doses within 14 weeks
after birth. In spite of these coverage, the proportion of younger children «2 ~ years)
was higher in the cases (75.5%) as compared to the controls (66.0%). However, a.ge was
not a significant predictor of pneumonia (p=O.21S) as well as gender (p=O.206). Most importantly, PCV-I0 was shown to protect against pneumonia, odds ratio 0.683 (p=0.032).
This association is supported by the reduction in annual incidences of pneumonia since
2012 by 48.05% to 2013 a.nd 43.75% from 2013 to 2014. Environmental factors were however, significantly associated with pneumonia to include taking the children to events and
transmission of colds to children from other family members | en_US |
