School of Nursing
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/3310
2024-03-28T22:12:38ZDeterminants of Alcohol Use by Students in Medical Training Colleges in South Nyanza Region, Kenya
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/6065
Determinants of Alcohol Use by Students in Medical Training Colleges in South Nyanza Region, Kenya
Kurui, Daniel Kipchumba; Ogoncho, Isaac Machuki
Alcohol consumption is a global public health problem accounting for about 6% of mortality and 5% of disability adjusted life year’s (DALYs) lost worldwide. An estimated 10-15% of students in medical training institutions risk alcohol abuse in their lifetime. In Kenya, alcohol abuse is common among college youth though data on alcohol abuse by students in MTCs are still unclear. South Nyanza, the study area is within Nyanza Region in Kenya with high alcohol consumption with prevalence rate of 26.8% among general college students. The study sought to establish what determined alcohol use by students in MTCs in South Nyanza Region. Cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. Five colleges in the region namely: Kendu Mission School and KMTCs (Kisii, Nyamira, Migori, Homa Bay) were included in the study. A sample of 303 MTC students was recruited for the study. The study established that 113 (37.3%) of the respondents indulged in alcohol use because it was readily available within their colleges. Proximity of alcohol selling premises to their colleges was also a reason for alcohol use as reported by 135 (44.6%) of the respondents. Majority of the respondents 100 (33.0%) were introduced to alcohol use by friends. Curiosity was the main reason that made 73 (24.1%) of the respondents to use alcohol for the first time. Mentorship from their tutors and peer education can help reduce alcohol use among the college students.
2020-06-30T00:00:00ZPrevalence and determinants of burnout among nurses in selected public hospitals in Kenya
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5840
Prevalence and determinants of burnout among nurses in selected public hospitals in Kenya
Awuor, Rosebenter Owuor; Kivuti-Bitok, Lucy W; Wagoro, Miriam CA
Burnout which is highly prevalent among nurses does not only affect them but patients and healthcare institutions. We determined the prevalence and determinants of burnout among nurses in sub-County public hospitals, Homa-Bay County
2023-08-01T00:00:00ZHealth literacy knowledge and experience of bachelor nursing students at a university in the Western Cape
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5462
Health literacy knowledge and experience of bachelor nursing students at a university in the Western Cape
Francesca Chepkemoi Mibei
Health literacy is defined as the degree to which an individual has the capacity of obtaining, processing, and understanding basic health information and services needed for one to make appropriate decisions with relation to health. Health literacy is currently emerging as a major determinant of health outcomes yet it is not receiving enough attention, especially among health professionals. It is now considered a stronger predictor of health outcomes than social and economic status, education, and gender. Since nurses play a major role in providing healthcare information to patients and clients, it is imperative that nurses be prepared to face the challenges presented by individuals with poor health literacy skills. The nursing discipline is the largest segment of the health-oriented workforce and therefore, nurses have the largest responsibility of providing patient education, however, there are no education efforts targeting health professionals with regard to health literacy in South Africa. It is, therefore, imperative to establish the knowledge and experience of nurses in training in order to forge a way forward in nursing education.
Donation
2016-01-01T00:00:00ZNurses' knowledge related to pain assessment for critically ill patients at a public sector hospital in Johanesburg.
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5457
Nurses' knowledge related to pain assessment for critically ill patients at a public sector hospital in Johanesburg.
Indrah G. M. Onwong'a
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Nursing Johannesburg, 2014Discrepancies exist between how pain is assessed in ICU patients able and unable to self report. There are pain assessment scales and guidelines that have been developed over the years for pain assessment. However, little is known regarding ICU nurses’ knowledge and current practices in the provision of pain management in the critically ill. The purpose of this study was to investigate intensive care nurses’ knowledge and practices related to pain assessment for critically ill patients. A quantitative non-experimental, descriptive cross-sectional design was used to achieve the objectives. ICU nurse participants (n=79) were drawn from the five (5) adult ICUs in a public tertiary hospital. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire by Rose et al. 2011. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data
https://core.ac.uk/outputs/39675970
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZNeedle and syringe programs for reducing blood-borne diseases among people who inject drugs in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review protocol
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5425
Needle and syringe programs for reducing blood-borne diseases among people who inject drugs in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review protocol
Kevin Zepwa Kweyu, Rosebenter Awuor Owuor, Clifford C Mwita
This review will identify, explore, and map the literature on the characteristics and implementation modalities of needle and syringe programs for reducing blood-borne diseases among people who inject drugs in sub-Saharan Africa compared with the recommended standards by the World Health Organization and AIDS Projects Management Group.
2022-01-01T00:00:00ZAssociation of Novel Locus With Rheumatic Heart Disease in Black African Individuals: Findings From the RHDGen Study
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/4155
Association of Novel Locus With Rheumatic Heart Disease in Black African Individuals: Findings From the RHDGen Study
Tafadzwa Machipisa, Michael Chong, Babu Muhamed, Chishala Chishala, Gasnat Shaboodien, Shahiemah Pandie, Jantina de Vries, Nakita Laing, Alexia Joachim, Rezeen Daniels, Mpiko Ntsekhe, Christopher T Hugo-Hamman, Bernard Gitura, Stephen Ogendo, Peter Lwabi, Emmy Okello, Albertino Damasceno, Celia Novela, Ana O Mocumbi, Goeffrey Madeira, John Musuku, Agnes Mtaja, Ahmed ElSayed, Huda HM Elhassan, Fidelia Bode-Thomas, Basil N Okeahialam, Liesl J Zühlke, Nicola Mulder, Raj Ramesar, Maia Lesosky, Tom Parks, Heather J Cordell, Bernard Keavney, Mark E Engel, Guillaume Paré
Importance Rheumatic heart disease (RHD), a sequela of rheumatic fever characterized by permanent heart valve damage, is the leading cause of cardiac surgery in Africa. However, its pathophysiologic characteristics and genetics are poorly understood. Understanding genetic susceptibility may aid in prevention, control, and interventions to eliminate RHD.
Objective To identify common genetic loci associated with RHD susceptibility in Black African individuals.
Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter case-control genome-wide association study (GWAS), the Genetics of Rheumatic Heart Disease, examined more than 7 million genotyped and imputed single-nucleotide variations. The 4809 GWAS participants and 116 independent trio families were enrolled from 8 African countries between December 31, 2012, and March 31, 2018. All GWAS participants and trio probands were screened by use of echocardiography. Data analyses took place from May 15, 2017, until March 14, 2021.
Main Outcomes and Measures Genetic associations with RHD.
Results This study included 4809 African participants (2548 RHD cases and 2261 controls; 3301 women [69%]; mean [SD] age, 36.5 [16.3] years). The GWAS identified a single RHD risk locus, 11q24.1 (rs1219406 [odds ratio, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.48-1.82; P = 4.36 × 10−8]), which reached genome-wide significance in Black African individuals. Our meta-analysis of Black (n = 3179) and admixed (n = 1055) African individuals revealed several suggestive loci. The study also replicated a previously reported association in Pacific Islander individuals (rs11846409) at the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, in the meta-analysis of Black and admixed African individuals (odds ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.06-1.27; P = 1.19 × 10−3). The HLA (rs9272622) associations reported in Aboriginal Australian individuals could not be replicated. In support of the known polygenic architecture for RHD, overtransmission of a polygenic risk score from unaffected parents to affected probands was observed (polygenic transmission disequilibrium testing mean [SE], 0.27 [0.16] SDs; P = .04996), and the chip-based heritability was estimated to be high at 0.49 (SE = 0.12; P = 3.28 × 10−5) in Black African individuals.
Conclusions and Relevance This study revealed a novel candidate susceptibility locus exclusive to Black African individuals and an important heritable component to RHD susceptibility in African individuals.
2021-01-01T00:00:00ZCorrection: Costs of continuing RTS, S/ASO1E malaria vaccination in the three malaria vaccine pilot implementation countries
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/3929
Correction: Costs of continuing RTS, S/ASO1E malaria vaccination in the three malaria vaccine pilot implementation countries
Ranju Baral, Ann Levin, Chris Odero, Clint Pecenka, Collins Tabu, Evans Mwendo, George Bonsu, John Bawa, John Frederick Dadzie, Joyce Charo, Kwadwo Odei Antwi-Agyei, Kwame Amponsa-Achianou, Rose Eddah Jalango, Rouden Mkisi, Scott Gordon, Temwa Mzengeza, Winthrop Morgan, Farzana Muhib
Cost estimates under additional vaccine price assumptions are not included in the main result Table (Table 3). Please view S4 Table,“Unit cost of continuing to vaccinate in pilot areas at various vaccine prices,” for results under additional vaccine price assumptions below. In the Procurement subsection of the Materials and methods, there is information missing in the fourth sentence. The correct sentence is: The cost of the vaccine was assumed to vary between $2, $5, and $10 per dose as there is no marked price for the vaccine due to uncertain demand. Detailed results are presented only for $5 per dose in the main text for simplicity. Additional estimates for other price assumptions are included in the supplementary material (S4 Table).
2021-01-01T00:00:00ZSchool of Humanities and Social Sciences
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/3478
School of Humanities and Social Sciences
MALACHI D APUDO ACHOLA
Today‟s use of computer pervades all areas of our lives, including activities in
institutions of learning. Beyond the very facility of computation, data
management, word processing etc, computers have become essential in
providing instructional effectiveness, planning, and generally challenging the
learning environment. The application of computer technology in the field of
education is rapidly gaining ground world over. The common modern
technological tools available to music educators are computers and electronic
keyboards among others. Computer technology is now an integral tool in all
aspects of the musician's work be it composing, concert performing, teaching,
recording, browsing the internet, researching, or managing a concert series.
This study sought to find out the role of computer technology usage for music
education in Kenyan secondary schools. The study aimed at surveying the use
of computer technology for music education, and specifically sought: to
determine the status of technology usage in music education in schools; to
explore and outline the instructional prospects for computer usage in music
education and to establish the role of computer technology in the teaching of
music.
The study employed descriptive survey research method. It targeted music
teachers and students as respondents. A total of 14 schools (53%), 11 teachers
(55%) and 155 students (62%) from the schools in Nairobi Province offering
music participated in the study. Data was collected from the respondents using
iv
questionnaires, interviews, and observation. The numerical data from
questionnaires was subsequently coded and analysed using Statistical Package
for Social Sciences (SPSS).
The major findings of the study revealed that computers and ICT are present
and accessible to Kenyan schools but their use is not adequate for music
education. Lack of competence among some music teachers and incoherent ICT
policy hindered proper application of computer technology in the field of music
education. In light of these findings, recommendations for application of
computer technology in the field of education for improvement and further
course action by appropriate authorities were made.
2007-01-01T00:00:00ZPrevalence of burnout among nurses in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/3477
Prevalence of burnout among nurses in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Rosebenter Awuor Owuor, Koki Mutungi, Ruth Anyango, Clifford C Mwita
Objective: The objective of this review was to determine the prevalence rates for burnout among nurses working in
countries within the sub-Saharan Africa region.
Introduction: Burnout is a response to chronic work-related stress. While there is ample information on its
prevalence and risk factors in well-resourced settings in high-income countries, it remains poorly studied in the
low- and middle-income countries of sub-Saharan Africa, which bear the larger share of the global burden of
disease.
Inclusion criteria: This review considered studies from sub-Saharan Africa that identified the prevalence of
burnout among nurses using standard measurement tools.
Methods: A three-step search strategy was utilized to identify both published and unpublished studies in English.
Databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and others) were searched from inception to January 2019. Study selection,
critical appraisal, data extraction, and data synthesis were conducted according to JBI methodology.
Results: A total of 12 studies (n ¼ 2543 nurses) from seven African countries were included in this review. Eight of
these studies were cross-sectional by design while the others were either exploratory, longitudinal, surveys, or
descriptive. Ten studies were deemed to be at low risk of bias. According to the Maslach Burnout Inventory (seven
studies, n ¼ 1923), the prevalence of emotional exhaustion was 66% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37% to 89%), 60%
(95% CI, 31% to 85%) for depersonalization, and 49% (95% CI, 19% to 80%) for low personal achievement. The overall
prevalence of burnout among studies that utilized the Professional Quality of Life Scale (three studies, n ¼ 337) was
87% (95% CI, 54% to 100%). One study reported a prevalence of 51% (95% CI, 44% to 57%) using the Copenhagen
Burnout Inventory (n ¼ 237), and the final study reported a prevalence of 33% (95% CI, 21% to 47%) using an
unspecified measuring tool (n ¼ 46).
Conclusions: Regardless of the measuring tool used, nurses in sub-Saharan Africa experience high levels of burnout
in all its dimensions.
Keywords Burnout; nursing; sub-Saharan Africa
JBI Evid Synth 2020; 18(6):1189–1207
2020-01-01T00:00:00ZSeroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and it’s associated factors among hiv positive pregnant women in Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu, Kenya
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/3426
Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and it’s associated factors among hiv positive pregnant women in Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu, Kenya
Joseph N Ngerecia
Introduction: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are among the leading causes of infectious disease deaths worldwide. The two viruses are highly endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Pregnant women who are co-infected with HBV and HIV are highly viremic for HBV and may be at a high risk of transmitting HBV to their infants. The prevalence of HIV in pregnant women aged 15-49 years in Kenya is 5.6%. Nyanza region of Kenya has the highest prevalence of HIV at about 15.1% compared to other regions in Kenya. Adult prevalence (15-64 years) in 2013 was 23.7% for males and 27.4% for females in Homabay County, 17.8% and 20.6% respectively in Kisumu and 21.8% and 25.3% respectively in Siaya Counties. With these statistics it is clear that more females than males in the same age group are infected with HIV in the region. Therefore, females in the same age bracket including pregnant women could be co-infected with HBV more than males. This study sought to establish seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and its associated factors among HIV positive pregnant women in Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital (JOOTRH) in Kisumu. Approval for conducting the study was obtained from KNH/UoN-ERC and JOOTRH‟s hospital administration. Study Design: The study utilized a descriptive cross sectional design that sought to establish seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and its associated factors among HIV positive pregnant women in JOOTRH. Study Population: The study population was composed of pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS aged between 15-49 years. Sampling Procedure: Purposive sampling (homogenous) was use in this study. Potential study participants who met the inclusion criteria were purposively sampled. xv Data Collection: Data was collected for a period of one month using structured questionnaires to identify the demographic characteristics and risk factors to HBV infection in the study participants. Determination of HBsAg status was done through laboratory screening of blood serum using Onsite Rapid Test kit manufactured by CTK Biotec, Inc USA. HIV status was ascertained using the antenatal record booklet issued to all pregnant women during their first visit to the ANC. Data Analysis Procedures: Filled questionnaires were checked for completeness and data entry commenced. Accuracy of entry was ascertained. Data was summarized in percentages and measures of central tendency. Analysis was done using chi-squire tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results were presented in tables, graphs, charts and text narratives. Findings: Seroprevalence of HBsAg was 1% among study participants. Social demographic factors (age, marital status, level of education, religion and occupation) were found not statistically significant with HBV/HIV co-infection with p>0.05. Similarly, there was no statistical correlation between presumed risk factors to HBV/HIV co-infection and HBsAg status as follows. (Blood transfusion p=0.753, body tattooing p=0.859, body piercing for medicinal purpose p=0.751, circumcision p=0.901 and dental procedure p=0.673 at 95% confidence interval. Conclusion: Findings of this study revealed a low seroprevalence rate of HBsAg of only 1% among study participants. However this finding does not necessarily reflect the real picture of co-infection in the entire region. Based on the current statistics of HIV/AIDS in Nyanza region, the rate of HBV/HIV co-infection could be different. xvi Recommendations: More attention should be focused on screening for HBsAg among HIV cases to identify demographics that show higher prevalence and to make informed decision on routine screening.
2015-01-01T00:00:00Z