School of Arts and Social Sciences
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/26
2024-03-19T09:40:51ZMchango wa Ushairi wa Kiganda katika kuendeleza umitindo wa Ushairi wa Kiswahili: Mfano wa ufundishaji wa ushairi katika wilaya ya Mukono-nchini Uganda
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/6015
Mchango wa Ushairi wa Kiganda katika kuendeleza umitindo wa Ushairi wa Kiswahili: Mfano wa ufundishaji wa ushairi katika wilaya ya Mukono-nchini Uganda
ATUKUNDA, Edwine
Wanafunzi wengi nchini Uganda wanachukulia utanzu wa ushairi wa Kiswahili kuwa mgumu na wanapata ugumu huo katika kujifunza ushairi wa Kiswahili.Ugumu katika ujifunzaji wa ushairi wa Kiswahili umesababisha matokeo mabaya katika mtihani wa kitaifa katika somo la ushairi wa Kiswahili nchini Uganda.Hata hivyo ushairi wa Kiganda umekuwa unafanywa vizuri katika mtihani wa kitaifa. Wanafunzi hawa wanasomea katika mandhari sawa, utafiti huu ulichunguza kwa nini wanafunzi wanaofanya mtihani wa ushairi wa Kiganda wanatenda vizuri kuliko wanafunzi wa ushairi wa Kiswahili. Kwa hivyo utafiti huu ulichanganua mchango wa ushairi wa Kiganda katika kuendeleza umitindo wa ushairi wa Kiswahili, mfano wa ufundishaji wa ushairi katika wilaya ya mukono-nchini Uganda.Madhumuni ya utafiti huu yalikuwa: Kufafanua jinsi muundo wa ushairi wa Kiganda unavyoweza kuendeleza muundo wa ushairi wa Kiswahili kupitia ufunzaji na ujifunzaji.Kudadavua jinsi ushairi wa Kiganda unaweza kusahilisha mtindo katika ushairi wa Kiswahili kupitia ufunzaji na ujifunzaji na kutathimini jinsi ushairi wa Kiganda unaweza kukuza maudhui katika ushairi wa Kiswahili kupitia ufunzaji na ujifunzaji. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia ya umitindo yaViktor Shklovsky (1904) na kuelezwa na Mbatia (2001) katika muktadha wa Kiswahili na umuundo ambayo iliasisiwa na Ferdinard de Saussure (1909) na Ntarangwi (2004), mihimili ya nadharia hii ni: Fasihi inastahili kuchunguzwa kama muundo mmoja uliojengwa kwa vipengele tofauti vinavyoshirikiana kukiunda kitu kizima. Pili huchunguza vipengele mbalimbali vya mfumo wa fasihi kwa kuchunguza jinsi vinavyohusiana na kuchangiana katika kukamilisha kazi husika. Tatu hulenga maana katika matini ya kifasihi na kupuuza maswala mengine ya nje kama muktadha. Utafiti huu ulitumia muundo elezi na data za utafiti huu zilichambuliwa kithamano. Mashairi yalikusanywa kutoka diwani mbili za Kiswahili na mbili za Kiganda. Mashairi 60 yalikusanywa yaani 30 ya Kiganda na 30 ya Kiswahili na 15 yalichaguliwa kutoka kila lugha kwa kutumia uteuzi nasibu. Mashairi yalitolewa kwenye diwani za Kiswahili; Malenga wa ziwa kuu ya Wallah bin Wallah naSauti ya dhikiya Abdilatif Abdalla na za Kiganda; Ab’Oluganda ab’Enda emu ya Hugo Sematimbana Balya n’ensekeezi ya Masagazi K. Vilichaguliwa kwa kuwa viko kwenye silabasi. Kundi lengwa ni Walimu watano wa Kiganda na watano wa Kiswahili ambao walichaguliwa kimakusudi na kushiriki katika uchambuzi ambao uliandamana na maoni yao kuhusu ujifunzaji na ufunzaji wa ushairi. Mashairi yalianishwa na ya Kiganda yalitafsiriwa kwa Kiswahili. Data ilikusanywa kwa kutumia simu kunasa sauti. Mashairi yalinukuliwa, yalitafsiriwa, na kisha kuchambuliwa kimuundo, kimtindo na kimaudhui. Data za utafiti huu ziliwasilishwa kwa mfumo wa kinathari. Utafiti huu ulikuwa utafiti wa nyanjani na maktabani, ulifanyiwa katika wilaya ya Mukono. Shule tano zilitumiwa kati ya shule ishirini zinazofunza Kiswahili, ziliteuliwa kimakusudi kwa kuwa zinafundisha Kiswahili na Kiganda kwenye kiwango cha A kisha uchanganuzi wa data ulifanywa kithamano na data kuwasilishwa kwa mjadala. Utafiti huu uligundua kuwa ushairi wa Kiswahili waweza kukopa vipengele vya muundo, mtindo, na maudhui vya ushairi wa Kiganda na kuviendeleza vipengele hivi katika ushairi wa Kiswahili. Utafiti huu ulifafanua jinsi mwalimu wa ushairi wa Kiswahili anavyoweza kuhamisha maarifa kutoka ushairi wa Kiganda hadi wa Kiswahili. Utasaidia kuendeleza ushairi wa Kiswahili kuhamisha maarifa ya ujifunzaji na ufunzaji kutokana na ushairi wa Kiganda ili kusahilisha ujifunzaji wa ushairi wa Kiswahili na kuuendeleza.
PhD Thesis
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZPredictors and psychological effects of sexual violence among female college students in Kisumu county, Kenya
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5978
Predictors and psychological effects of sexual violence among female college students in Kisumu county, Kenya
AWUOR, Betha Omanje
Sexual violence against women is a public health issue with major health consequences for
women. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), sexual violence affects 35% of
college women worldwide. They experience either physical and/or sexual intimate partner
violence or non-partner sexual violence. The resulting effect of sexual violence is the
psychological effects with prevalence of exposure to violence being higher among college going
women aged between 18 and 24 years. This study therefore sought to identify the predictors and
psychological effects of sexual violence among female college students in Kisumu County. The
objectives of the study were to: determine the relationship between socio-demographic
characteristics and sexual violence, establish the relationship between socio-cultural factors and
sexual violence and examine the psychological effects of sexual violence on female college
students in Kisumu County, Kenya. The study used the socio-ecological theory to explain the
key predictors and psychological effects of sexual violence experienced by female college
students while adopting a mixed method research design. The target population included 4 public
universities and 4 public tertiary colleges with a population of 13, 326 female students. A total of
384 female students were sampled using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Data
was collected using semi-structured questionnaire, in-depth interview guide and focus group
discussion guide. Reliability and validity tests were done, where validity was tested through a
pilot study while reliability coefficient was done using Cronbach alpha 0.839 using test re-test
method (rtt) and the internal consistency was good. Quantitative data was analysed using
inferential statistics. Qualitative data was transcribed and analysed for emergent themes and subthemes. The study findings revealed that there was a moderate, positive and significant
correlation between socio-demographic characteristics (age, r = .008, p = < .875; parental
occupation r = -.065, p = < .208; place of residence r = . 107*
, p = < .036; and, year of study r =
-.084, p = < .101) and sexual violence among the female students. Socio cultural predictors were
found to account for 22.3% of the variance R2=.22, F(3,377)=36.136, p<.01) in sexual violence
with campus norms having the strongest unique contribution to sexual violence (β=.199,
p=.000), followed by socio-cultural beliefs and actions (β=.176, p=.000) and finally, socio
cultural peer culture (β=.171, p=.000).Campus norm had the strongest correlation (r=.370) with
sexual violence, followed by socio-cultural peer culture (r=.365) and finally socio-cultural
beliefs and actions (r=.357). The study findings also revealed that the most felt psychological
effects of sexual violence among the girls were difficulty in sleeping and concentration, change
in sex drive, feelings of anxiety, and increase in stress and fear levels and the least reported
effect was varying emotions throughout. The study concluded that socio-demographic and sociocultural factors that surrounded the female students in Kisumu County were determining factors
to their exposure to sexual violence; sexual violence had psychological effects on the victims.
The study will be significant to the government and non-governmental organisations in
developing and implementing programs aimed at reducing and eliminating prevalence and
effects of sexual violence amongst college female students.
Master's Thesis
2021-01-01T00:00:00ZA history of vigilantism and the insecurity situation in Kisumu City since 1986
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5926
A history of vigilantism and the insecurity situation in Kisumu City since 1986
OMONDI, Bernard Ouma
Urban security remains a perennial problem globally. Kenya in particular has faced the challenge of inadequate security in its towns. Quite often, neighborhood groups have emerged to take advantage of these security lapses through vigilantism. Ordinarily, vigilante activities border on criminality despite the acceptability they sometimes enjoy from the locals they purport to protect. The Government of Kenya enacted the Prevention of Organized Crime Act of 2010 and 2012 that proscribes vigilante groups. The prohibition, however, has not deterred these groups. Consequently, Kisumu City has over the years witnessed high levels of insecurity occasioned by the emergence and entrenchment of vigilante groups. According to Crime Statistics Economic Survey report of 2015, the City has continued to experience heightened insecurity instigated by vigilante groups. This study, therefore, purposed to investigate the activities of vigilante groups since 1986 and to elucidate how these groups have affected security in Kisumu City. Specifically, the study sought to: establish the historical background of vigilantism in Kisumu City since 1986; describe the activities of the vigilante groups in Kisumu City; and to explain the inter-connections between state and non-state actors in providing security in Kisumu. The study adopted Bjorn Moller’s (2003) interpretation and perspective on Conflict Theory, by which he asserts that conflict occurs at various levels based on social, economic and political structures in a society. The major tenets of the theory are marginalization, poverty, and inequality. The study made use of historical descriptive design to investigate and analyze the phenomenon under study. Purposive and snowballing sampling techniques were used to identify Key Informants for the study. The study area was Kisumu City, with a total population of 285,412. The target population was 55 respondents. Primary data was collected through Key Informant Interview Guide (11), In-Depth-Interview Guide (11) and Focus Group Discussion (33). Secondary data was collected from library research and archival reports. Data analysis involved both document and content analysis. The findings revealed that vigilante groups in Kisumu City specifically the Baghdad Boys emerged in 1986 as a result of state security failure, unemployment, ethnic animosity, economic hardships and political marginalization. Consequently, the period in the late 1980s, leading to the repeal of section 2A of the Kenyan constitution in order to allow multipartism explains the resurgence of vigilante groups and vigilantism in Kisumu. Particularly, this study deduced that KANU’s struggle to retain power and its several years of establishing a repressive system of governance left Kisumu politicians with no option but to co-opt vigilante groups into their political mobilization and other activities as they faced state sponsored violence and police brutality in what was publicly considered as a melting pot for opposition politics. The study further established that vigilante groups evolved from neighborhood groups to political movements and, eventually, to criminal gangs. It ascertained that vigilante groups in Kisumu City depicted organized recruitment procedures and hierarchical structures, and engaged in various political, social and economic activities. In retrospect, this study pointed to a symbiotic relationship between the police and vigilante groups, confirming the general public perception by majority of Kisumu residents that vigilante groups thrived and continued to perpetuate their criminal activities by conspiring with a number of rogue police officers of all ranks. The study concluded that failure by State agencies to address security concerns and the socio-economic needs of City residents contributed to the formation and development of vigilante groups. The study recommended police reforms and an integrated approach to security in Kisumu City. It also advocated for the enactment of legislations to curb insecurity in Kisumu City and other urban areas as a way of minimizing or completely eliminating vigilantism that continues to endanger the security of citizens and leads to repression of democratic idreals within the locality. A reflection on the findings and analysis from this study signals to an enrichment of knowledge that is available on urban security from the angle of the emergence and growth of vigilantism and the intricacies of urban (in) security as a key governance issue.
Master's Thesis
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZMikakati na mitindo katika ujifunzaji wa kiswahili kama lugha ya biashara miongoni mwa wafanyabiashara jijini Kampala-Uganda
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5908
Mikakati na mitindo katika ujifunzaji wa kiswahili kama lugha ya biashara miongoni mwa wafanyabiashara jijini Kampala-Uganda
MUTENYO, Aidah
Dhima mojawapo ya lugha ya Kiswahili ni ukuzaji wa sekta ya uchumi. Kiswahili kama lugha ya pili nchini Uganda, kilianzishwa kwa ajili ya kuendeleza biashara na dini. Ujifunzaji na matumizi yake hayajaendelezwa kwa kina. Hata hivyo unapokwenda katika maeneo ya biashara, utakuta Kiswahili kikitumika miongoni mwa wafanyabiashara. Hali ya jinsi wanavyojifunza na kutumia Kiswahili kuendeleza biashara na changamoto wanazokumbana nazo katika matumizi ndilo pengo lililoshughulikiwa katika utafiti huu. Azma ya utafiti huu ilikuwa kuchunguza mikakati na mitindo katika ujifunzaji wa Kiswahili kama lugha ya biashara miongoni mwa wafanyabiashara jijini Kampala, Uganda. Madhumuni mahsusi yalikuwa: Kufafanua mikakati na mitindo ya kujifunza Kiswahili kama lugha ya kibiashara jijini Kampala Uganda, kutathmini jinsi mikakati na mitindo mbalimbali huwezesha kujifunza Kiswahili kama lugha ya kibiashara jijini Kampala na kupambanua changamoto zinazokumba wafanyabiashara wakati wa kujifunza Kiswahili kibiashara na kuchanganua mikakati ya namna ya kutatua changamoto zinazowakabidhi wafanyabiashara kujifunza Kiswahili kibiashara. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na kiunzi cha nadharia mbili: Kwanza, Nadharia ya Stephen Krashen (1987) ambayo ina mihimili mitano; nadharia tete ya upataji/ujifunzaji, nadharia tete ya mfumo asili, nadharia tete ya dhana mpya na nadharia tete ya kichujio athari. Pili, Nadharia ya modeli ya elimu ya Richard Gardener (2000). Mihimili iliyohusika ni; mhimili wa jitihada, nia/ari, motisha changamani, uwezo wa kufanikiwa na mwelekeo chanya. Utafiti ulifanyika mjini Kampala nchini, Uganda katika Ekedi ya Mukwano, Simlaw International Limited na soko la Kikuubo. Utafiti ulijikita katika ujifunzaji na ufunzaji wa lugha ya pili na Isimujamii. Utafiti huu ulichanganua mikakati na mitindo ya kujifunza na kutumia lugha ya Kiswahili kibiashara pamoja na changamoto za ujifunzaji wa Kiswahili kama lugha ya biashara miongoni mwa wafanyabiashara jijini, Kampala. Usampulishaji dhamirifu ulitumiwa kwa kurejelea aina yake ya usampulishaji mpokezano kifu ambapo uteuzi dabwa dabwa ulitumiwa kuteuwa sampuli ya wasailiwa 260 ya wafanyabiashara kutoka Ekedi ya Mukwano, Simlaw International Limited na soko la Kikuubo. Sampuli kusudio ilitumika kuteua Ekedi 2 na soko Moja la biashara anuwai kuhusika katika utafiti huu. Mbinu za hojaji, usaili na uchuzaji zilitumiwa kukusanya data miongoni mwa wafanyabiashara nyanjani. Vifaa vya utafiti ni pamoja na hojaji, dodoso, mwongozo wa uchunzaji vilitumika kukusanya data nyanjani. Data ilichanganuliwa kutumia mkabala mseto na kuwasilishwa kimaelezo ukishirikisha majedwali. Matokeo ya utafiti yalionyesha kwamba wafanyabiashara walitumia mikakati ya nyimbo/ukariri, mwanafunzi kwa mwanafunzi, matumizi ya lugha chanzi, kuongea, mawasiliano, mitagusano ya ukuruba kati ya wanunuzi na wauzaji, teknolojia, mapango binafsi, utambuzi na urejeleaji. Mitindo ya mwingiliano iliyodhihirika ni dukuduku, kusikiza, ujifunzaji asilia, mwelekeo, hamasa, kuashiria na tabia za mjifunzaji. Hii ilifanyika kupitia kusikiza nyimbo, wafanyabiashara kufundishana wenyewe kwa wenyewe, uhamishaji sheria kutoka lugha chanzi, mawasiliano baina yao na wanunuzi, kutagusana na wajuao Kiswahili, matumizi ya teknolojia, kujipangia namna ya kujifunza, utambuzi, dukuduku, hamasa, mwelekeo, kuashiria na tabia ambazo baadhi ya wafanyabiashara walikuwa nazo. Utafiti huu ulibaini changamoto za kisarufi, muda wa kujifunza, kutumia lugha kimshitukizo, mwelekeo hasi, athari za kisiasa, umri, uoga, tofauti za kijinsia na kanuni za kiisimu. Utafiti huu utachangia katika taaluma ya Isimujamii na ujifunzaji wa lugha ya pili. Utafiti huu ulipendekeza tafiti zaidi kufanyika katika kutambua mikakati na mitindo zaidi katika sekta nyinginezo.
PhD Theses
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZInfluence of exposure to radio on women voters’ political participation in the 2013 general election in Kakamega County, Kenya
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5906
Influence of exposure to radio on women voters’ political participation in the 2013 general election in Kakamega County, Kenya
OKINDA, Ibrahim Thomas
An informed citizenry and effective political participation are key pillars of democracy. In developing democracies such as Kenya, radio is a major source of political news that serves as a key resource for women’s electoral participation. Despite women’s exposure to radio, through which they can access political news, their scope of political participation in Kakamega County is limited, which has marginalized this large population of the electorate in this area. In 2013, women constituted 50.6% of the 568,151 registered voters in Kakamega County, which has a higher female population than males in Kenya. As a county with high radio reach and listenership, there is a need to investigate the nexus between women voters’ exposure to radio and their political participation. Thus, the aim of this research was to examine the influence of exposure to radio on women voters’ political participation in the 2013 Kenya general election in Kakamega County. The specific objectives of the study were to: establish the direct effect of exposure to radio on women voters’ political participation; assess the mediating role of political knowledge in the correlation between women voters’ exposure to radio and political participation; determine the intervening effect of political attitudes on the influence of exposure to radio on women voters’ political participation; and examine the mediating role of the frequency of interpersonal political discussions in the correlation between women voters’ exposure to radio and political participation in the 2013 polls in Kakamega County. Guided by a conceptual framework anchored on political mobilization and uses and gratifications theories, the study variables were exposure to the radio as a predictor, political knowledge and attitudes and the frequency of interpersonal political discussions as mediators and political participation as an outcome variable. This study used an explanatory sequential mixed-methods research design. Multi-stage sampling and Yamane’s sample size formula were employed to select 400 of the 287,325 female voters in Kakamega County. Data were collected using a questionnaire, focus group discussions (FGDs) and document reviews. Quantitative data analyzed by SPSS version 21.0 and PROCESS Macro for SPSS version 3.2.01 using descriptive and inferential statistics are presented in tables and bar charts. Qualitative data from the FGDs was thematically analyzed and presented in narrative descriptions and verbatim quotes. The quantitative results established a statistically significant low positive correlation between women voters’ exposure to radio and political participation. This correlation was positively mediated by political knowledge. It was further determined that political interest and not internal political efficacy intervened in this relationship. The frequency of interpersonal political discussions played no mediating role in this correlation. These findings were corroborated and enriched by the qualitative results from the FGDs. The study concludes that the influence of exposure to radio on women voters’ political participation is both direct and indirect, with the latter pathway mediated by political knowledge and interest. The study recommends that radio stations continually broadcast civic, voter and political education programmes tailored to women voters’ information needs, schedules and political attitudes to promote their political participation throughout the country’s five-year electoral cycle. The results of this study may be used to develop national policies on broadcasting, media and information literacy in government efforts to promote women’s political participation in Kenya. The findings also provide insights that can enrich editorial policy guidelines and programming strategies for civic and voter education and election coverage on radio targeting women voters in Kenya.
PhD Theses
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZConservation and preservation of immovable archaeological heritage at Gede ruins and Shimoni historic site along the Kenyan coast
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5897
Conservation and preservation of immovable archaeological heritage at Gede ruins and Shimoni historic site along the Kenyan coast
MAHAGWA, Benard Busaka
The management of immovable archaeological heritage at Shimoni historic site and Gede ruins along the Kenyan coast were the focus of the study. Achieving the cultural, scientific, economic, and historical values of immovable archaeological heritage requires the use of efficient conservation and preservation management techniques. The acceptance and implementation of current international treaties to ensure the validity and originality of these heritages and to extract the values from them is critical based on imminent threats, whether natural or human induced. Therefore, effective management that involves conservation and preservation takes the centre stage. In retrospect, to slow down the process of heritage degradation and decay, management strategies, national and local government commitment, local community knowledge, and sustainable utilization are crucial. However, the process of actualizing the goal of conservation and preservation is facing myriad challenges and threats that continue to devalue the immovable heritage, warranting steadfast intervention. Hence, this study investigated and evaluated the process of setting up laws, regulations, and statutes, putting them into practice and applying them to mitigate threats to immovable archaeological heritage, specifically those along the Kenyan coast. The presumption was that the country's archaeological heritage must be skillfully handled because it is integral to its cultural history. The three research objectives were to: establish the status and level of various uses of the immovable archaeological heritage at Gede and Shimoni sites; assess the level of compliance of the current management models at Shimoni and Gede for their conservation and preservation with the set International Conventions, State laws and Statutes; and to examine mitigation measures against the threats facing the immovable heritage at Gede and Shimoni historical site for their sustainable utilization. By applying a SWOT analysis model and McGregor’s motivational theories X and Y, which were both developed in the 1950s and have remained relevant to date, the researcher sought to understand the current status of the two sites and account for how they are managed through the National Museums of Kenya (NMK) and the Community Based Organization respectively. The two sites were sampled purposively based on the models applied in their everyday management as juxtaposed on sustainable utilization. Interpretative research design and the phenomenological approach was applied while carrying out this study. Through in-depth interviews with key informants, on-site situational analysis, direct observation, qualitative data was collected. The data was analyzed thematically and organized into categories, patterns, themes and sub-themes in line with specific objectives. Corroboration of primary and secondary data was done alongside textual analysis to draw conclusions for the study and also to make recommendations. The study's situational analysis showed that immovable archaeological heritage along the coast has values which determine their utilization. Also, the immovable heritage is under threat from environmental and natural factors, human induced development and those resulting from heritage usage. As per the study findings, Kenya has had laws governing archaeological heritage management since 1927. Accordingly, the NMK was established in 1930 and has the sole mandate of managing all archaeological heritage in the country. Despite this institutional and legal foundations, threats to the heritage still abound. A great disconnect was found to exist between the international conventions and national laws as applied through NMK and the local communities’ claims over usage of the immovable heritage. Therefore, heritage management should take a holistic approach and involve the community around it more since people have a specific connection to heritage sites either individually or collectively.
PhD Thesis
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZPragmatic interpretation of Oluluhya idioms in radio Mambo fm Witimbule programme
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5896
Pragmatic interpretation of Oluluhya idioms in radio Mambo fm Witimbule programme
LUVONGA, Solomon Chenenje
Idioms have been applied functionally as regulators of human behaviour, evidence of politeness in conversations, for entertainment, face-saving by mincing the words to show decorum, a sign of linguistic competence and the store of cultural values among the Luhya people. However, there was need to investigate whether or not the fans of Witimbule programme in Radio Mambo FM interpret various forms of idioms correctly because among the 19 Luhya dialects, there is lexical mismatch which may cause multiple interpretations of idioms and consequently, lead to miscommunication among the fans and listeners of Witimbule programme. If the appropriate strategies of interpreting idioms are not applied, the use of idioms can be a hindrance to communication. The objectives of the study were to determine the form of idioms which are susceptible to misinterpretation by the fans of Witimbule programme in Radio Mambo FM, analyse how misinterpretation of idioms during the conversation in Radio Mambo FM Witimbule programme arises and establish the most effective strategies of interpreting idioms during Witimbule programme. Significance to the study was to establish the least effort strategies of interpreting the idioms for effective communication. The study was carried out in the framework of relevance theory by Wilson and Sperber (1995/2002). It is a pragmatic theory that explains how discourse can be interpreted during conversation. Some of its tenets which were applicable to this study include: Following the path of the least effort strategies to reach the cognitive effect, the role of context in interpretation of discourse, the complexity of the information being processed in the brain and the cost-benefit basis. The study adopted the descriptive research design because it is in line with qualitative approach to describe the phenomenon as it occurs in its natural setting. The study area was Western Kenya region (Kakamega, Bungoma, Busia and Vihiga counties). The samples were collected by purposive sampling procedure. Sample size was determined by the number of fans from each dialect which was 66. 69 Idioms were collected by listening and audio-tape recording during the programme until saturation stage was reached. The idioms were recorded in context as excerpts. The data from respondents was collected through an unstructured oral interview using an interview schedule because it involved face-to-face questioning for more clarification. The findings were organised in thematic areas, analysed and presented in textual form. The study sought to determine the least effort strategies to interpret idioms and found that idioms are integrated naturally in conversations during Witimbule programme. The form of idioms which were mostly misinterpreted is proverbial and hyperbolic. The main hindrances to interpretation of idioms were lack of cognitive environment and native speaker intuition. The most effective, fastest and least effort strategy of interpreting idioms was cognitive environment approach. The other strategies were dependent on cognitive environment approach to be effective. Lexical mismatch among Oluluhya-speaking communities did not significantly impact on the interpretation of Oluluhya idioms because the interlocutors employed the tactics of lexical accommodation, assimilation, code switching and neologism. The study found that the number of fans who misinterpreted the idioms was significant, and therefore the most effective strategy of interpreting idioms was cognitive environment approach. Other strategies were dependent on it. Relevance theory was effective in describing the objectives of the study.
PhD Thesis
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZSocio-demographic and institutional predictors of inpatients’ post-discharge stay in referral hospitals in Kisumu County, Kenya
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5739
Socio-demographic and institutional predictors of inpatients’ post-discharge stay in referral hospitals in Kisumu County, Kenya
AWUOR, Eunice Gor
Globally, inpatients continue to unnecessarily prolong their stay in referral hospital wards upon their medical discharge. This causes congestion in the wards, hospital reinfection, relapse, death of PDS inpatients and financial burden to the hospital management. Existing literature linked post discharge stay (PDS) to economic reasons. However, even with the introduction of Universal Health Coverage (UHC), waivers of medical bills, and free maternal health care in Kenya, reports still show PDS cases in the country, especially in referral hospitals such as Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital (JOOTRH) and Kisumu County Referral Hospital (KCRH) in Kisumu county. However, it was unclear whether inpatients’ socio-demographic characteristics and institutional factors influenced PDS. This study aimed to investigate the socio-demographic and institutional predictors of inpatients’ PDS in referral hospitals in Kisumu County, Kenya. The specific objectives were to determine the influence of inpatient’s demographic characteristics on PDS, to establish the influence of social support on PDS, and to assess the influence of institutional factors on PDS. The study was guided by the social-ecological model proposed by McLeroy, et al., (1988). The study adopted a correlational cross-sectional research design and used mixed methods of data collection. Hospital records estimated that 200 inpatients experienced PDS in the two facilities per month, out of which a sample of 133 was calculated using Yamane’s (1967) formula. A stratified sampling technique was used to select inpatients in the 14 wards, after which systematic random sampling was used to reach the individual PDS inpatients for interviews. Key informant interview was used to collect qualitative data from 10 key informants who were purposively selected from the staff returns report (2019) while an in-depth interview was used to collect data from 13 PDS inpatients. To establish the predictors of PDS, a binary logistic regression analysis was used for the three objectives where p-values <0.05 was considered statistically significant Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were reported to show the magnitude and influence of PDS. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data and quantitative results were corroborated with verbatim quotations. The findings established that demographic characteristics of PDS inpatients namely age (P-value 0.01), gender (P-value 0.03), marital status (P-value 0.02), and nature of the illness (P-value <0.0001) were key demographic predictors of PDS. The parental status of children, religion, educational level, and employment status of respondents was not statistically significant to the study. The estimated logistic regression results indicated that social factors including living arrangement (P-value <0.009), who brought the patients to the hospital (P-value 0.034), visitation during hospitalization (P-value 0.029), social support received from relatives and friends (P-value 0.001) were statistically significant in the study implying that the respondents whose social support was strong were less likely to experience PDS. Institutional delays like waiting for discharge clearance (P-value 0.028), timely information (P-value 0.003), UHC status (P-value 0.01), awaiting tracing (P-value <0.001), and awaiting repatriation (P-value 0.001) were significant predictors of PDS while NHIF status and request for prolonged stay were not significant predictors of PDS. The study recommends hospital management mitigate delaying processes such as improper social assessment and long discharge processes that escalate the PDS of inpatients in the hospitals by early identification of PDS predictors. Policymakers should also incorporate strategies for reducing PDS cases in the existing health policies and strategic plans considering key socio-demographic and institutional predictors of PDS.
Masters Thesis
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZA morpho-phonological analysis of reduplication in Lukisa dialect
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5703
A morpho-phonological analysis of reduplication in Lukisa dialect
OYOKO, Amos Maina
Reduplication is a grammatical aspect that occurs in human language in which a whole linguistic constituent or part of it is repeated to form a new constituent. Reduplication can be both a morphological and phonological process of forming a compound word by repeating all or part of a word. Morphological reduplication involves semantic change through another word formation process while phonological duplication is where the copying picks the closest phonological input restricted to cases of phonological necessity repeated exactly or with a slight change. Lukisa, a Luhya dialect, is expected to exhibit reduplication patterns which vary from a single element being copied to an entire phrase through morphoplogical reduplication which involves the creation of a new stem type and phonological doubling which entirely depict reduplication as a limitless linguistic resource and a naturally integrated facility in language. The focus of this study is to explore the manifestation of morphophonological reduplication in Lukisa dialect. The purpose of this study was to analyze MorphoPhonological reduplication in Lukisa. The objectives of the study were to: establish the morpho semantic features of reduplication in Lukisa dialect, describe the manifestation of phonological copying in Lukisa dialect and explore how pseudo reduplication is manifest in Lukisa dialect. Inkelas and Zoll’s (2005) Morphological Doubling Theory (MDT) was adopted for this study where the aspect of reduplication results when morphology calls twice for the constituents of a given semantic description with a possible phonological modification of either or both constituents. A Descriptive Research Design was employed in this study. The study was carried out in Khwisero Sub County of Kakamega County. The study population was the native Lukisa dialect speakers. The study targeted a sample of 20 Lukisa native speakers purposively sampled from 208 members of Buchero Educational and Cultural Society to provide data for this study. Three written texts on Lukisa oral literature and history were purposively sampled to provide data for analysis through Focus Group Discussions. Native speaker intuition and competence of the principal researcher also enabled more data collection and to ascertain data authentication process. A pilot study on FGDs was used to ensure that there was the validity and reliability. Data was qualitatively analyzed through content analysis of the morphemes, stems, roots and lexical items with reference to the corpus of reduplication cases to bring out the morphosemantics of reduplication that changed or maintained the word classes, the phonological processes of copying of vowel lengthening, vowel change and syllable weight and linguistic pseudo reduplication in which the inputs cannot be separately analyzed. The findings were presented through thematic description and explained through themes and sub themes. The study revealed that in Lukisa, semantics is a linguistic phenomenon that is part of the morphology of reduplication. The reduplication results to notions such as: diminution, frequentativeness and augmentation. The research further revealed that various lexical categories such as verbs, nouns and adverbs manifested phonological copying processes of duplication where there was the doubling of a sound in a given phonological environment, at times with some alteration of the sound through the processes of vowel lengthening, vowel substitution and change in syllable weight. Finally, pseudo reduplication was manifest in that the resultant reduplicative construction had no meaningful semantic and syntactic connection with either of the input daughters of the mother node when separately analyzed. The research revealed the applicability of the tenets of MDT on inputs in phonological copying and morphological doubling. This study suggests a further study to be carried out on: the morpho-phonological reduplication in coastal Bantu languages, a comparative study of pseudo reduplication of the Luhya dialects and the change in the supra segmental features that accompany phonological copying in other Luhya dialects
2022-01-01T00:00:00ZThe role of community radio in the implementation of county development programs in Vihiga County, Kenya
https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5593
The role of community radio in the implementation of county development programs in Vihiga County, Kenya
Bongo, David Ngoseywi
The media is critical to the development process because it provides appropriate knowledge and effective communication tools necessary for influencing and modifying human attitudes and behavior. Media is a catalyst for social change and a necessary component of interventions aimed at achieving sustainable development. The inception of Counties in 2010 by the Constitution of Kenya has seen the establishments of county development programs, as counties have been seen as agents of development. Vihiga County has several community radios broadcasting in various local dialects aimed at sensitizing and informing the public on county development programs. Despite the development of community radio, it is not clear how the counties and community radios have collaborated to disseminate county development programs hence the need to assess whether these development programs are disseminated to the public through the community radio stations. This study investigated the role of community radio on the implementation of county development programs. Specifically, the study hoped to identify the role of radio programmes by the community radios on the implementation of county development programs in the Vihiga county. Secondly, to establish the role of audience involvement in community radio programmes on implementation of development in Vihiga County. Thirdly, to establish the challenges facing community radios and their effect on implementation of development programs in Vihiga County. This study was guided by the development communication theory and participatory communication theory. To understand the role of community radio stations, the study used a descriptive case design. Glenn Israel‘s sampling formula (1992) was used to calculate the sample size for the general public from a population of 33,654 and a multistage cluster sampling procedure was used to administer the questionnaires. Purposive sampling was used to sample three registered community radios in Vihiga county while twelve county government officers (CGOs) and six community radio staff (CRS) were sampled from populations of 118 and 60 respectively using 10% of Mugenda and Mugenda (2014) formula. Six CRS, two from each community radio were sampled purposively and interviewed. Additionally, twelve CGOs were sampled purposively and interviewed. Qualitative data was gathered through interviews, analyzed thematically and reported verbatim. Quantitative data was analyzed using tables and charts. Face and content validity of the instruments was ascertained through expert opinion. Reliability was ascertained through Cronbach‘s Alpha of 0.699 thus instruments were deemed reliable. The study revealed as follows; firstly, that there are community radios to which most of the people listened to (73.8%) and that most of the programmes aired were not on development (59.8%) and neither did the programmes sensitize people on county development (62.6%) nor did the CGOs use community radio to engage people on development (67.8%). Secondly, majority of the listeners were not involved in the radio programmes design (77.3%) and that the community radio stations occasionally communicated county development programs (50.2%). Third, majority of the respondents agreed that most community radios lacked financial support for airing local content (69.3%) and hire competent personnel (69.0%). The Study recommended that the county should design a framework of engagement with community radios through integrating communication via Community radios during programs implementation. The findings of the study may help County Government of Vihiga develop effective framework of engagement with community radios through development of policies. The study has provided data on the importance of community radios stations and their effectiveness in enhanced programs implementation.
2022-01-01T00:00:00Z