https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/98 2026-05-15T12:33:19Z 2026-05-15T12:33:19Z Kimutai Gilber, Ken Oluoch, Paul A. Opondo https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5428 2022-10-24T07:43:36Z 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and Regional Integration in the East African Community (EAC): A Literature Review Kimutai Gilber, Ken Oluoch, Paul A. Opondo As part of a doctoral study, this review makes a case for the study of the influence of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) on the integration of the East African Community (EAC). Beginning with philosophical postulations on the meaning and role of CSOs in governance to contemporary conceptions of their nature and anticipated influence, the article delves into scholarly work on their actual participation in the European Union (EU), the Americas, Asia, and Africa. Except for a few divergent observations, there is a general academic consensus on the significance of CSOs in governance facets such as policy making, enhancing citizen participation, transparency, and accountability. However, except for the EU where numerous studies on their influence exist, there is a dearth of the same in other parts of the world. In the EAC, treaty provisions for the anticipated role of CSOs in the integration process are explicit. However, more than two decades after its re-establishment, a lacuna exists on their actual influence on community policy processes. Further studies are therefore recommended to fill this practical and academic gap. Additionally, it will be important to unearth the determinants of their influence and the strategies they adopt in the unique African governance setting. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/IAGS/article/view/57604

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z Kimutai;Gilbert, Ken Oluoch, Paul A. Opondo https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5427 2022-10-24T07:29:50Z 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

The Strategies adopted by Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) seeking to influence East African Community (EAC) Policies Kimutai;Gilbert, Ken Oluoch, Paul A. Opondo This research paper presents an examination of the strategies adopted by Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in seeking to influence the policies of the East African Community (EAC). The introductory part details an overview of the role of CSOs in domestic and international governance frameworks. This is followed by a discussion of the existing strategies employed by CSOs in the EAC in their engagement with partner states and the regional body following their inclusion in the Charter that re-established the organization. The article is a product of a doctoral study conducted through the collection of both qualitative and quantitative data from CSOs in the region, EAC officials and government representatives from partner states. The study noted a general trend of CSO inclusion in the EAC policy processes and a fairly established framework of engagement. The strategies identified include creation of awareness, collaboration and networking, training and capacity building, campaigns and advocacy, expert advice, dialogue and partnership, provision of information, engagements with partner states, petitions, liaison with the media and the academic community, picketing and litigation

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z Gilbert Kimutai, Ken Oluoch, Paul A. Opondo https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5426 2022-10-24T07:23:42Z 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

The Influence Of Civil Society Organizations (CSOS) On East African Community (EAC) Policies Gilbert Kimutai, Ken Oluoch, Paul A. Opondo As part of the findings of a doctoral study, this article presents an analysis of the influence of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) on the policies of the East African Community (EAC). It presents a detailed discussion of the existing engagement frameworks between CSOs and the EAC. It further delves into an analysis of the actual influence of CSOs on the integration policy processes and policies of the EAC. The study notes a general trend of CSO inclusion in the EAC policy processes and a fairly established framework of engagement. CSOs in the region are keen on their involvement in Community policy processes as a way of ensuring people centred policies. However, hurdles still exist which must be addressed by all the stakeholders in the EAC integration process for the aspirations of the Community to be fully achieved.

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z Jethron Ayumbah Akallah, Mikael Hård Jethron Ayumbah Akallah, Mikael Hård https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/4687 2022-02-03T20:23:21Z 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Under the Historian’s Radar: Local Water Supply Practices in Nairobi, 1940-198; Under the Historian’s Radar: Local Water Supply Practices in Nairobi, 1940-198 Jethron Ayumbah Akallah, Mikael Hård; Jethron Ayumbah Akallah, Mikael Hård By presenting oral history material from two informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya, the article illustrates how inhabitants during the period 1940 to 1980 acquired and used water on a daily basis. The authors’ observations challenge established paradigms in the history of technology as well as Science and Technology Studies (STS), most notably the Large Technological System (LTS) model. To understand the realities of the supply situation in cities in both the Global North and Global South, we must look beyond such systems; historians must complement material from official archives, utilities, ministries and other authorities with further sources. Interviews with urban inhabitants can help us to modify standard LTS perspectives, and the experiences of ordinary citizens can enable us to develop an alternative view of 'urban resilience' as a concept. Rather than passively being supplied with the necessities of daily life by public or private providers, inhabitants themselves successfully acquired those necessities. Interviews indicate that, compared to customers with access to the centralised water system, so-called slum dwellers exhibited a relatively high level of resilience in terms of water provision

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Esther N. Mungai, Madara Ogot https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/3916 2022-02-03T20:24:50Z 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z

Gender, culture and entrepreneurship in Kenya Esther N. Mungai, Madara Ogot This study looked into how different cultural factors affect gender involvement in entrepreneurship in a multi-ethnic country, Kenya. A majority of previous similar studies have been done in Western, developed societies where national cultures have evolved and have dominated the literature on the ‘cultural perspective’ on gender and entrepreneurship. In the majority of sub-Saharan countries, ethnic cultures play a more dominant role in moulding the values and perceptions of its citizens than national cultures. The differential rate of gender involvement was compared among four Kenyan ethnic groups namely Luo, Kikuyu, Kalenjin and Kamba. A significant outcome of the study, is that there were neither significant gender differences on community perception of entrepreneurship nor the extent on the presence (or absence) of personality traits associated with entrepreneurship. From the study, it appears that for the communities studied, ethnic cultural influences play a larger role in women’s propensities towards entrepreneurship and their view of their community perception towards the same, than does gender. This is pronounced even when men and women from the same communities are compared along the same dimensions.

2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Abukutsa-Onyango, M.O., A.N. Muriithi, V.E. Anjichi, K. Ngamau and S.G. Agong (HAK, Kenya) A. Fricke, B. Hau and H. St¸tzel (Hannover, Germany) https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/3850 2022-02-03T20:24:15Z 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z

PROCEEDINS OF THE THIRD WORKSHOP ON SUSTAINABLE HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN THE TROPICS Abukutsa-Onyango, M.O., A.N. Muriithi, V.E. Anjichi, K. Ngamau and S.G. Agong (HAK, Kenya) A. Fricke, B. Hau and H. St¸tzel (Hannover, Germany) Millenium development goals include reducing the proportion of people who suffer from hunger and poverty. To achieve this goal the horticultural sector cannot be left out and therefore can play an important part in poverty reduction. In Kenya over 50% of the rural communities live below the poverty line. Horticultural sector remains an important foreign exchange earner to Kenya and contributes significantly in the local diets. Currently it is the second largest foreign exchange earner, after tourism. Development of this sector will stimulate economic growth as well as provide employment opportunities. Due to growing competition for both domestic and export markets, growers, 80% of whom are small scale farmers, require technologies that are environmetal friendly and guarantee good health. Sustainable horticultural production would contribute significantly to the governmentís effort to alleviate poverty and empower the rural farmers. The first seminar on sustainable horticulture production in the tropics was held between 3rd and 6th October 2001 where three working groups were formed these were: Export crops, Biotechnology and African Indigenous Vegetables. In the second seminar held 6th -9th August 2002, sessions focussed on two key areas 1) Ways to a pesticide-reduced horticultural production in the tropics 2) efficient water and nutrient use in horticultural production in the tropics. In this this third seminar (workshop) the main focus was on African Indigenous vegetables and the venue was changed from Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology where the first two seminars were held to Maseno University. This University is in a region where a rich diversity of indigenous vegetables exist. Half of the workshop was dedicated to this topic and was in form of plenary sessions. It was realized that we cannot talk about sustainable horticultural production without bringing aboard the indigenous crops that have several value and potentials yet continue to be neglected. In this workshop the three working groups continued with their work that was started in the first seminar. The aim of establishing these groups was to concentrate on important issues in the wide field of sustainable horticultural production. The oral presentations that were complemented by poster presentations were in the first two days of the workshop and in the third and fourth days participants visited farmers growing indigenous vegetables. The workshop addressed several topics under the following themes: 1. Germplasm collection, characterization and seed multiplication of indigenous vegetables 2. Nutritive quality of indigenous vegetables and acceptability by consumers 3. Crop management of indigenous vegetables 4. Economic importance, marketing and technology transfer of indigenous vegetables 5. Export crops 6. Biotechnology 7. Other Horticultural crops The workshop organizing committee would like to thank all the authors who presented papers contained in these proceedings. We had an overwhelming response to our call for papers and we are grateful for the enthusiasm. We would like to express our appreciation to all the individuals who singly or collectively contributed to the organization and ultimate success of the workshop. We greatly thank the chairpersons of the sessions, rapporteurs, the editorial staff and all other HAK executive committee members for their various contributions. Special thanks to Prof Frederick N.Onyango, the Vice Chancellor Maseno University for providing us with enabling environment and Officially opening the workshop.Very special thanks go to German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for the financial support that made the workshop a great success. Finally, we wish to sincerely acknowledge the support received from the Vice-Chancellor of JKUAT, Prof N.Wanjohi and Deputy Vice Chancellor (Administration, Planning and Development), Prof S.G. Agong and their presence and useful remarks during the opening session. We in particular, would like to thank Dr Mel Oluoch, training specialist from AVRDC-Regional Center for Africa for delivering a keynote address and Prof William R.Ochiengí, the Director, Institute of Research and Post-Graduate Studies (IRPS) , Maseno university for Officially closing the workshop.

2003-01-01T00:00:00Z Obote Magaga Gordon https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/3264 2022-02-03T20:23:22Z 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z

Economic Change in Sakwa 1850-1962 Obote Magaga Gordon This is a study of economic change in Sakwa. examines Sakwa's pre-colonial system analyses their encounter the capitalist production introduced theoretical concepts commercialization, with through of production colonialism. employed mode of The basic diversification, adaptation and articulation. They are central understanding of change is engendered of the dynamics Within process, a given historical the environment society, contradictions contributed thus, leading as well as the development appropriation entities featuring tensions situation. Sakwa that took place the direction of new to technological of novel means development of material We hence underscore the engine economies the of change that set the into vibrant a thorough-going levels of commercialization, history and internal in the evolution and argue that it provided Sakwa's pre-colonial because of the pre-colonial and existence. role of the …

1991-01-01T00:00:00Z Henry Nyamogosa, Michael Murimi https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/2777 2022-02-03T20:24:11Z 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

EFFECTIVENESS OF MARKETING STRATEGIES ON ENHANCING CULTURAL TOURISM: A CASE STUDY ON TABAKA SOAPSTONE CARVINGS IN KISII REGION, KENYA Henry Nyamogosa, Michael Murimi Cultural Tourism is a growing phenomenon around the world. In Kenya, cultural tourism represents an important part of the tourism sector and largely depends on cultural heritage assets such as traditions, artifacts, and crafts, historical buildings, and gastronomy of host people. While marketing strategy can enhance the number of visitation and revenues to these sites, other strategies may be ineffective to meet the aims of the cultural sites. Investigating the effectiveness of marketing strategies on enhancing cultural Tourism should play a role in enhancing visitation levels. To this end, some authors have suggested marketing strategies for enhancing visitation levels in cultural sites; however, research on the effectiveness of marketing strategies in cultural sites is limited. To address this research gap, the research sought to examine the effectiveness of promotion, price, and brand awareness as marketing strategies on enhancing cultural tourism in Kenya using a case study on Tabaka soapstone carvings. The target population consisted of 300 tourists, 30 employees at the site, and management of the cultural site committee. A stratified sampling technique was used to select 60 tourists while 10 employees were selected through a proportionate sampling technique. Data was collected from both secondary and primary sources. However, the researcher relied mostly on primary sources as it was taken to be accurate as compared to secondary sources. The major tool for the collection of data from tourists and employees was structured questionnaire, while, data from the management was collected via interview. Analysis of data was done descriptively and presented by tables and figures. Limitations of the study were also explored and ethics considered in the study. The study found out that an inadequate number of tourists visiting the site were as a result of ineffective communication techniques employed. Tourism products and services were not presented well to tourists as it was promised to them thus leading to low satisfaction of tourists. They had also developed a perception that the price charged at the site was expensive. The study farther found out that tourists were unable to distinguish the cultural site from others due to unclear logos on site’s brochures, websites, and signboards. The study recommended that cultural site management should use websites and local radio stations to enable more target tourists to discover the site instead of tourists depending on friends and relatives as revealed by the study. Offers and discounts during weekdays should be encouraged to enhance visitation during such periods.

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Lee Vinsel https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1742 2020-07-30T12:44:39Z 2019-07-16T00:00:00Z

Moving Violations: Automobiles, Experts, and Regulations in the United States Lee Vinsel Regulation has shaped the evolution of the automobile from the beginning. In Moving Violations, Lee Vinsel shows that, contrary to popular opinion, these restrictions have not hindered technological change. Rather, by drawing together communities of scientific and technical experts, auto regulations have actually fostered innovation. Vinsel tracks the history of American auto regulation from the era of horseless carriages and the first, faltering efforts to establish speed limits in cities to recent experiments with self-driving cars. He examines how the government has tried to address car-related problems, from accidents to air pollution, and demonstrates that automotive safety, emissions, and fuel economy have all improved massively over time. Touching on fuel economy standards, the rise of traffic laws, the birth of drivers' education classes, and the science of distraction, he also describes how the government's changing activities have reshaped the automobile and its drivers, as well as the country's entire system of roadways and supporting technologies, including traffic lights and gas pumps. Moving Violations examines how policymakers, elected officials, consumer advocates, environmentalists, and other interested parties wrestled to control the negative aspects of American car culture while attempting to preserve what they saw as its positive contributions to society. Written in a clear, approachable, and jargon-free voice, Moving Violations will appeal to makers and analysts of policy, historians of science, technology, business, and the environment, and any readers interested in the history of cars and government.

2019-07-16T00:00:00Z Rémi de Bercegol, Shankare Gowda https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1741 2020-07-30T12:41:21Z 2020-05-06T00:00:00Z

Waste in the urban margins: The example of Delhi’s waste pickers Rémi de Bercegol, Shankare Gowda One important aspect of sustainability involves the flows of materials and energy, extracted, consumed, transformed and disposed of in the functioning of urban societies, which makes it directly linked to the ‘nested’ character of infrastructure that this special issue of Urban Studies on ‘urban nexus’ is keen to address. In particular, the question of urban waste, a sector previously neglected in the field of urban policy, has slowly become a major issue in world urbanisation that can be tackled through its cross-sectorial interactions and its multidimensional effects. Through an analysis of the case of Delhi, this article aims to undertake an exploration of the waste and energy nexus in order to contribute to the current debates on the socio-technical transformations of waste infrastructure and its societal interlinkages. This article studies the effects of waste management policies in Delhi that essentially promote large centralised technical systems such as waste-to-energy plants, which are presented as a ‘modern nexus’ of waste and energy, at the expense of any ‘alternative nexus’ such as the existing traditional recycling sector. Hence, the main objective is not only to question the socio-spatial and political implications of the current reforms of the waste sector but also to discuss the development of other potential decentralised solutions that could complement the overall system in an adapted way.

2020-05-06T00:00:00Z