Department of Geography and Natural Resources Managementhttps://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/4402024-03-28T12:46:06Z2024-03-28T12:46:06ZThe influence of socioeconomic and demographic factors on rural-urban disparities in infant mortality in Kakamega Central Sub-County, Kakamega County, KenyaOmedi, GilbertMutavi, IreneObuoyo, Joycehttps://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/60642024-03-25T14:31:44Z2024-02-02T00:00:00ZThe influence of socioeconomic and demographic factors on rural-urban disparities in infant mortality in Kakamega Central Sub-County, Kakamega County, Kenya
Omedi, Gilbert; Mutavi, Irene; Obuoyo, Joyce
Infant mortality, measured as the summation of neonatal and post-neonatal mortalities, remain
unacceptably high in Kakamega Central Sub-County, Kakamega County, Kenya. Reducing infant mortality is paramount
not only in assessing the progress made towards the third sustainable development goal but also in creating a conducive
environment for fertility reduction and in giving a chance to new-born babies to live out their social and economic
potential in their families and societies at large.
Journal home page:https://gsconlinepress.com/journals/gscarr/
2024-02-02T00:00:00ZRole of Household’s Tree Population, Socio-economic and Behavioural Determinants on Carbon Footprint Mitigation and Carbon Credit Balance in East Ugenya Ward, KenyaOduor, David OchiengOpeyo, Peter OtienoOduor, Dorice Anyangohttps://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/58542023-11-16T17:51:30Z2023-11-05T00:00:00ZRole of Household’s Tree Population, Socio-economic and Behavioural Determinants on Carbon Footprint Mitigation and Carbon Credit Balance in East Ugenya Ward, Kenya
Oduor, David Ochieng; Opeyo, Peter Otieno; Oduor, Dorice Anyango
Scope 1 harmful emissions are directly linked to high levels of industrialization; Scope 2 and 3 carbon footprints are locally oriented and indirectly associated with household activities and behavioural alignment. East Ugenya Ward is perceived as the leader in firewood consumption, with the socioeconomically marginalized population in Siaya County resorting to this mode of fuel usage. Conversely, how the mentioned factors relate to both carbon footprints and credits is concluded with no concrete local and global resolution. The effort to reverse households’ carbon emissions through green energy campaigns has proved less operative due to little understanding of carbon-related working concepts and socio-economic hardships. This study analyses the role of household Tree population. It assesses the role of socio-economic and behavioural determinants in relation to carbon footprints and potential credits that can arise through sound environmental management within local community initiatives. Three hundred eighty-four household heads were interrogated. A descriptive cross-sectional research design and simple random sampling were found to be functional. Databases were Questionnaires, field research, measurement, photography, Focused Group Discussions, observation, key informants, and enumeration. Carbon Footprint Calculator (C.F.C.) and (V.C.S.)-Verra were used to assess the household’s emissions and potential credits. The spatial scale for tree population count was 20 m x 20 m quadrat. The tree-based biomass was translated using a conventional carbon sink conversion (Tons of Co2 Equivalent- tCo2eq). Data analysis involved the use of SPSS. The potential net carbon offset was (M = 0.334, SD = 0.006) tCo2eq per household. The Multinomial Logistic Regression model X2 (8, N= 384) = 24.69, Nagelkerke R2=.56, p <. 001, Strongly proved that the belief that Carbon Credit is profitable had a significant statistical association with Carbon Footprint Mitigation. The multiple linear coefficients of determination proved that 67.6%, F (381) = 69.51, p = .031, R2 = .676 of change in Carbon Footprints and 72.1%, F (381) = 72.58, p = .026, R2 =.721 of the variation in Net Carbon Credits, was attributable to combined variation in Tree population, Mean household age, and mean average monthly income. Both the Carbon Footprint and Carbon credit are affected. Therefore, local sensitization is needed to achieve knowledge and understanding of favourable emission budgets and profitable carbon trade
https://doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.6.1.1553
2023-11-05T00:00:00ZThe effect of distance covered to the nearby medical facility on the death of infants in rural and urban areas of Kakamega Central Sub-County, Kakamega County, KenyaOmedi, GilbertMutavi, IreneObuoyo, Joycehttps://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/58532023-11-15T18:17:34Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZThe effect of distance covered to the nearby medical facility on the death of infants in rural and urban areas of Kakamega Central Sub-County, Kakamega County, Kenya
Omedi, Gilbert; Mutavi, Irene; Obuoyo, Joyce
At the backdrop of the third sustainable development goal, Kenya’s infant mortality rate is 36 while that of Kakamega is 37. This study assessed the effect of distance covered to the nearby medical facility on the death of infants in rural and urban areas of Kakamega Central Sub-County, Kakamega County, Kenya.
https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.17.3.0489
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZInfluence of Dykes’ Characteristics on Food Crop Production in Lower River Nyando Basin, KenyaOjung’a, Berryl AtienoMutavi, Irene NzisaMasika, Denishttps://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/58522023-11-15T18:11:46Z2023-09-15T00:00:00ZInfluence of Dykes’ Characteristics on Food Crop Production in Lower River Nyando Basin, Kenya
Ojung’a, Berryl Atieno; Mutavi, Irene Nzisa; Masika, Denis
Dykes minimise flood risks among riparian communities. In Nyando basin,
Kenya, dykes were constructed to minimise flood impacts on human activities in
the riparian plains. The dyke characteristics could change the rate of silting. In
spite of these dynamics, some farmers now use fertilisers as a new way of coping
with nutrient deficiency. Several researches have been done in Kenya on the
effects of floods on human activities; however, there is no clear link between dyke
characteristics like period of existence, length and height and their influence on
food crop production. The dykes in Nyando have reduced floods in the region;
however, it is not clearly understood how the dyke characteristics influence the
food crop. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of
dyke characteristics on food crop production. Planning Theory was used.
Descriptive cross-sectional research design applied. The target population stood
at 34,460 households. At least 384 Household heads were recruited via simple
random sampling and a questionnaire administered, while purposive sampling was
useful in identifying relevant experts in the field of study. Primary data was
obtained by interviewing key informants and focused group discussions. Other
tools include observation and photography. Secondary data was obtained from
publications and print media, and SPSS was utilised in data analysis. Qualitative
data was analysed by coding and organisation of data into themes and sub-themes
where generalisation was made. The results from the multiple coefficients of
determination (R2
) indicated that 45.4% (R2 = .454, p = .039) of the variation in
the general crop yield was explainable by the combined change in Dyke
Characteristics. The dykes’ characteristics significantly influenced crop
production.
https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.6.1.1436
2023-09-15T00:00:00ZInfluence of Geographical Segregation on Fertility of Women in Kisumu East Sub County, Kisumu County, KenyaOduor, Loy KindaOindo, BonifaceMutavi, Irenehttps://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/58512023-11-15T18:05:12Z2023-09-28T00:00:00ZInfluence of Geographical Segregation on Fertility of Women in Kisumu East Sub County, Kisumu County, Kenya
Oduor, Loy Kinda; Oindo, Boniface; Mutavi, Irene
Fertility and geographical segregation are some of the major factors influencing human population growth. High fertility
stagnates development by draining resources. The fertility rate of Kisumu East Sub County is rated at 4.8 exceeding the average
for the county, national and the global which is 4.2, 3.4 and 2.3 respectively. The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of
geographical segregation on fertility of women. This study was guided by Becker's economics theory of fertility and Hägerstrand
theory of Spatial diffusion. The households were the unit of analysis and a sample size of 384 was obtained as determined by the
Fisher’s formula. Cross-sectional descriptive research design was used. 384 women respondents aged between 18-49 were
selected using cluster and snowball sampling techniques. Quantitative data such as descriptive statistics: percentages, means and
standard deviation was analysed using SPSS version 22. Inferential statistics: chi-square, gamma statistics, spearman’s rank,
multiple logistic regressions, multiple correlation coefficient and multinomial logistic regression were used to analyse the data.
Qualitative data was analysed by coding, creating categories, themes and patterns then evaluating the usefulness of the
information in answering the research questions. Piloted tool revealed a spearman-brown reliability coefficient of .721. All the
tests of significance were conducted at α=0.05. According to the multinomial logistic regression, the influence of cultural norms
on first and last child birth remained statistically significant. Sharing common centres and mean number of children born per
woman showed strong positive relationship (r = 0.675). Daily and weekly social interactions showed a strong positive significant
linear correlation with fertility (r =0.732, p = 0.03). Spearman rank correlation indicated a strong positive and statistically
significant linear correlation (r =0.50, p = 0.04) between social interactions and number of children born. Gamma statistic
coefficient of 0.493 indicated moderately strong positive association between levels of geographical concentrations and number of
children born. Number of children born correlated negatively (r =-0.612, p=0.02) with low geographical concentration. Multiple
correlation coefficient analysis showed adjusted R square value of 0.673 indicating that the predictability of number of children
born per woman from the combined influence of high and low geographical concentration was significant. The findings of this
study will provide knowledge on aspects of geographical segregations influencing fertility among women and will give useful
information to reproductive health planners and policy makers on fertility issues in Kisumu East Sub County. Therefore, the study
recommends wider adoption of reproductive family health awareness and economic empowerment among women to help reduce
the number of children born per woman.
10.47505/IJRSS.2023.V4.9.7
2023-09-28T00:00:00ZThe soil microbiomes of forest ecosystems in Kenya: their diversity and environmental driversAkinyi Lorine Onyango, Atieno Florence Ngonga, Nderitu Edward Karanja, Ochieng’ Josiah Kuja, Hamadi Iddi Boga, Don A Cowan, Wanjau Mwangi, Marianne Wughanga Maghenda, Pedro Bixirao Neto Marinho Lebre, Anne Kelly Kamburahttps://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/57172023-05-25T16:55:26Z2023-05-02T00:00:00ZThe soil microbiomes of forest ecosystems in Kenya: their diversity and environmental drivers
Akinyi Lorine Onyango, Atieno Florence Ngonga, Nderitu Edward Karanja, Ochieng’ Josiah Kuja, Hamadi Iddi Boga, Don A Cowan, Wanjau Mwangi, Marianne Wughanga Maghenda, Pedro Bixirao Neto Marinho Lebre, Anne Kelly Kambura
Soil microbiomes in forest ecosystems act as both nutrient sources and sinks through a range of processes including organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and humic compound incorporation into the soil. Most forest soil microbial diversity studies have been performed in the northern hemisphere, and very little has been done in forests within African continent. This study examined the composition, diversity and distribution of prokaryotes in Kenyan forests top soils using amplicon sequencing of V4-V5 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Additionally, soil physicochemical characteristics were measured to identify abiotic drivers of prokaryotic distribution. Different forest soils were found to have statistically distinct microbiome compositions, with Proteobacteria and Crenarchaeota taxa being the most differentially abundant across regions within bacterial and archaeal phyla, respectively. Key bacterial community drivers included pH, Ca, K, Fe, and total N while archaeal diversity was shaped by Na, pH, Ca, total P and total N. To contextualize the prokaryote diversity of Kenyan forest soils on a global scale, the sample set was compared to amplicon data obtained from forest biomes across the globe; displaying them to harbor distinct microbiomes with an over-representation of uncultured taxa such as TK-10 and Ellin6067 genera.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33993-4
2023-05-02T00:00:00ZThe contribution of the geographical area of residence on rural-urban differentials in infant mortality in Kakamega central sub-county, Kakamega county, KenyaGilbert Omedi, Irene Mutavi Joyce Obuoyohttps://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/56682023-04-24T10:08:24Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZThe contribution of the geographical area of residence on rural-urban differentials in infant mortality in Kakamega central sub-county, Kakamega county, Kenya
Gilbert Omedi, Irene Mutavi Joyce Obuoyo
Background: Infant mortality remains an indaba in Sub-Saharan Africa, a region currently
producing over half of global infant deaths. Kakamega Central Sub-County, a region within
Sub-Saharan Africa, has an infant mortality rate of 37. This study examined the contribution
of the geographical area of residence on rural-urban differentials in infant mortality in
Kakamega Central Sub-County, Kakamega County, Kenya.
Methods: A cross-sectional research design was adopted. Primary data were collected from
mothers between the childbearing ages of 15 to 49 years who had an experience of childbirth
between 2013 and 2022. Secondary data were obtained from the 2019 Kenya population and
housing census. Cross-tabulation and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted
on the statistical package of the social sciences version 25 computer software program.
Results: Rural areas with mud roads had higher odds of neonatal (aOR – 2.067) and infant
(aOR - 3.867) mortalities when compared to those with tarmacked roads. Areas with 3 to 4
health facilities had 8.248 and 2.651 higher adjusted odds ratios of post-neonatal and infant
mortality when compared to areas with at least 5 health facilities in rural and urban areas,
respectively. Residing in good housing was associated with lower odds ratios of rural neonatal
(aOR – 0.016), urban post-neonatal (aOR – 0.265), and infant (aOR – 0.312) mortalities when
compared to residing in durable housing.
Conclusion: There is a need for concerted efforts towards road improvement in rural areas;
increased access to functional and well-equipped health to ensure an acceptable density of
health facilities; and enlightening people on the importance of proper hygiene in the household
environments and on good, affordable, dietary practices.
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZFactors Influencing Implementation Of Constituen-cy Development Fund Projects In Public Secondary Schools In Kiminini Constituency, Trans-Nzoia CountyJuma, Mercy. Nhttps://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/54102022-10-16T12:36:20Z2015-01-01T00:00:00ZFactors Influencing Implementation Of Constituen-cy Development Fund Projects In Public Secondary Schools In Kiminini Constituency, Trans-Nzoia County
Juma, Mercy. N
The ultimate goal of cdf is development. In Kiminini constituency, some education projects have not been implemented successfully. This in itself undermines development in the constituency. This study aimed at determining how specific factors do influence implementation of constituency development funded projects in public secondary schools in Kiminini to accomplish this aim the study focused on three objectives: to establish factors that led to successful implementation of cdf projects in Public Secondary schools within Kiminini constituency; to determine factors that led to unsuccessful implementation of some cdf projects in public secondary schools within Kiminini constituency contrary to plan and finally to determine how identified factors influence project implementation. The study used descriptive survey research design sample sizes of 324 people were from intended beneficiaries of the project and stakeholders. The target populations were drawn from Nabiswa, Kiungani, Kiminini locations and cdf office in Kiminini. Purposeful sampling was used to identify 109 schools with projects funded by CDF out of which the researcher then used random sampling to identify 45 schools with projects funded by CDF using SSP. Data was collected by use of structured questionnaire, interview schedule and observation. The data was then analyzed by use of stastical package for social scientists to yield mean, variance and percentages. The results obtained have been presented in the form of tables. The findings were as follows: The existence of adequate funds facilitated the successful of projects, however a number of factors contributed to projects not being implemented as planned such as lack of community participation in selecting the projects; mismanagement of funds; ineffective M&E Mechanism, lack of political goodwill and finally inability to prioritize the school projects in terms of needs. based on the foregoing findings several conclusion were arrived at, proper management of funds enhances successful implementation of projects, project identification, effective M&E, Community participation in selecting of projects, political good will, priotizing projects in terms of school need have a significance influence on implementation of cdf funded projects in public secondary schools and this factors do complement each other in determining the success or failure of a project. The recommendations are that the government should establish a legal and regulatory framework to govern the operations of cdf funded projects at constituency level, thus promoting accountability and transparency in the management of the said projects.CDF committee members should comprise of the technical team well vast with project management skills with them cases of aborted projects will be minimal.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Factors-Influencing-Implementation-Of-Constituen-cy-Juma/9e398fb2921dbbe59b7f9ccbdbbd30d6f0132c54#citing-papers
2015-01-01T00:00:00ZWater-User Preference Influencing Household Water Availability In Obunga Informal Settlement Of Kisumu City, KenyaOngere Elisha Dicksonhttps://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/48862022-02-07T07:53:33Z2019-01-01T00:00:00ZWater-User Preference Influencing Household Water Availability In Obunga Informal Settlement Of Kisumu City, Kenya
Ongere Elisha Dickson
Approximately 80% of the estimated 844 million people without access to a basic water service live in rural
areas and urban slums particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. This is in disregard of the fact that access to water service
increased from 81% to 89% during the last one and half decades. In Kenya, majority of urban dwellers live in water stress
informal settlements. Theorists and scholars have linked availability of domestic water with water user preferences or
practices, although the same has not been documented among households living in informal settlements in Kisumu. The
purpose of the study was to investigate water user preferences influencing household water availability in Obunga
informal settlement of Kisumu City, Kenya. Specific objectives were to investigate the effects of the preferences for water
use in gardens, laundry and toilets, washing, direct heating system, drinking, cooking, and personal washing, on the
frequency, quantity, and reliability of water supply among households in the slums. The study adopted Ex post facto
research design on a target population of 2,507 households from the four administrative units in Obunga informal
settlement, whereby through stratified sampling technique 331 respondents were sampled using questionnaire
administration. Purposive sampling method was used to select 3 key informants for key informant interview using
interview guides. Qualitative data was analyzed through thematic analysis, while descriptive statistics and chi square test
were used to analyse quantitative data on study variables by the use of statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS). The
study found that most households in Obunga informal settlement have poor water-user preference, although majority of
them have moderate availability of water. The findings also showed that households with good availability of water have
poor water user preference while those with poor availability have good water user preferences. Differences in household
water user preferences (χ2o = 58.450 > χ2c (4, .05) = 9.488) were found to be too large to be explained by chance: hence
the alternate hypothesis that household water-user preference in the slums is dependent on the availability of water was
rejected. It is therefore concluded that availability of water is not related to household water-user preference, and that
household water-user preference gets poorer as the availability improves. The study recommends that households in the
slums should be sensitized to improve their attitudes towards use of clean water so as to enhance availability of the
commodity.
2019-01-01T00:00:00ZLand Tenure Systems in Kisumu City; The Formal-Informal DichotomyGeorge G. Wagah, Mathenge Mwehe, Nelson Obange, Peris Teyie, Maria Nystromhttps://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/47462022-01-29T08:11:08Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZLand Tenure Systems in Kisumu City; The Formal-Informal Dichotomy
George G. Wagah, Mathenge Mwehe, Nelson Obange, Peris Teyie, Maria Nystrom
: In the process of urbanization, the peri-urban areas are often the front line of urban transformation and
transition and therefore potential zones of conflicts over land tenure arrangements. This study sought to explore land
tenure arrangements, administration and governance in the peri-urban zones of Kisumu city. The objective was to
provide empirical evidence on the conflicts and emerging governance issues in Kisumu city. In this working paper,
we recognize three main drivers as being particularly important for facilitating equitable land use and therefore good
outcomes from urbanization in Kisumu; Sound land use planning, smoothly functioning land and housing markets
and capable and responsive land market. The results, based on the insights gained through conversational interviews
as well as desk-top reviews show that public land tenure, leaseholds, freeholds and community land tenure systems
are the most widespread in the study area. Holding land under leasehold and freehold tenure appears to be more
widespread within peri-urban fringe. Whereas elaborate town planning criteria should ideally direct resource
allocation, the challenge for Kisumu like other developing towns and cities is that it has been developing against a
backdrop of poor urban planning practice
https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1450
2017-01-01T00:00:00Z